Reconstruction, New South, & WWI

By the end of the Reconstruction era, most African-Americans in the United States

• had received a free college education paid for by wealthy northerners.

• found themselves owners of the land their ancestors had worked on as slaves.

• began to migrate in massive numbers to the rural South to pursue farming jobs.

• found themselves increasingly left out of the political process because of poll taxes and literacy test

Booker T. Washington was most known for being

• one of the founders of the NAACP

• the founder of Tuskegee Institute.

• one of the designers of Washington, DC.

• the first African-American on the Supreme Court

The Supreme Court decision of Plessy v. Ferguson

• was overturned by the Fifteenth Amendment.

• upheld the principle of separate but equal.

• eliminated racial segregation in state universities

• established the constitutionality of affirmative action.

W.E.B. DuBois was an early leader in the

• Labor Movement

• Populist Movement

• Civil Rights Movement

• Women’s Suffrage Movement.

Following the Civil War, the South's industrialization lagged behind that of the North's because

• Southern farms were hit by repeated droughts.

• the South lacked a enough labor to support industry.

• the South paid higher wages than northern factories.

• the South lacked capital and an educated labor force.

· Poll taxes

· Grandfather clause

· Literacy tests

All of these have been used (unconstitutionally) in the past to

• prevent discrimination

• keep minorities from voting.

• secure admission to colleges

• deny women the right to property.

After the Reconstruction Era, the Southern states were economically disadvantaged because of

• waves of immigration

• the institution of slavery

• their refusal to use goods made in the North.

• having relatively few factories compared to the northeast.

Which group was founded by W.E.B. DuBois and others in 1909 to promote equal treatment of Blacks in America?

• The Black Panthers

• The Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)

• The Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)

• The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)

What is the name of the labor system that developed throughout the South after the Civil War kept poor blacks and white working in agriculture?

• antebellum

• indenturing

• sharecropping

• convict lease system

Which black educator delivered the "Atlanta Compromise" speech at the 1895 Cotton States and International Exposition in Atlanta in which he overlooked social segregation of the races as long as educational and economic opportunities were equal?

• W. E. B. DuBois

• Booker T. Washington

• Alonzo Franklin Herndon

• George Washington Carver