6.3 Study Guide: Mutation

Which of the following statements are correct concerning mutations?

• Mutations are essential for evolution to occur.

• A mutation is a change in the sequence of bases in DNA or RNA.

• Most mutations have no effect on the organisms in which they occur.

Which of the following types of mutations can result in a genetic disorder?

• a deletion

• an insertion

• a duplication

A frameshift mutation can be the result of a(n)

• chromosomal alteration.

• point mutation.

• inversion.

• missense mutation.

Types of chromosomal alterations include

• translocations.

• frameshift mutations.

• point mutations.

A silent mutation

• results in a premature stop codon.

• codes for a different amino acid.

• codes for the same amino acid.

• results in a frameshift mutation.

Cancer may result

• from beneficial mutations.

• from silent mutations.

• from deletion mutations.

Examples of potentially dangerous mutagens include which of the following? (1) cigarette smoke (2) chemi-

cals in processed meats (3) too much sunlight (4) certain viruses.

• 1 only

• 1 and 3

• 2 and 4

• 1,2,3,4

Examine the following mutation: ACGGGCAAACGATTG → ACGGGCAACGATTG. The mutation is

• a frameshift mutation.

• an insertion of a single nucleotide.

• a nonsense mutation.

• a duplication mutation.

Beneficial mutations

• are silent mutations, which code for the same amino acid.

• help organisms adapt to changes in their environment.

• may only cause mild genetic disorders.

• may only cause mild genetic disorders.

Examples of neutral mutations include

• silent point mutations.

• beneficial mutations.

• deletions of just 3 nucleotides, maintaining the reading frame.