The operation of natural selection depends upon the fact that:

• The strong always survive, whereas the weak always die.

• Some individuals have a better chance to produce more offspring.

• Mutations are always harmful.

• Acquired characteristics are inherited.

• Reproduction of all members of a species is virtually the same.

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If the frequency of a recessive gene in a population under genetic equilibrium is 40%, what would you expect to be the frequency of the dominant gene in a population?

• 20%

• 40%

• 60%

• 80%

• 100%

Selection pressures acting on a population may favor:

• Individuals at the left end of the range of variation.

• Individuals at the right end of the range of variation.

• Extreme individuals at both ends of the range of variation.

• The intermediate individuals within the range of variation.

• All of these.

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The result of natural selection is changes in:

• Individuals

• Populations

• Kingdoms

• Phyla

• Animals only

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Using hair as the derived trait, which does not fit the clade?

• Whale

• Crocodile

• Wolf

• Elephant

• Tiger

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Which of the following would be a modern example of Lamarckianism?

• A strain of houseflies resistant to insecticides emerges.

• Squirrels separated by a river are found to be unable to interbreed.

• A son is born with a portion of his right index finger missing—the same portion that was severed from his father’s hand in an accident.

• A strain of houseflies resistant to insecticides emerges, and squirrels separated by a river are found to be unable to interbreed.

• All of the choices are examples of Lamarckianism.

Which of these is necessary for natural selection to occur?

• A desire to change

• Asexual reproduction

• Environmental stability

• Genetic variation

• Geographic isolation

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The wisdom teeth in humans seem to have no function. Some people are even born without them and they never come in. We once used our wisdom teeth when our diet differed from what it does today. Since this is a structure that we no longer use, wisdom teeth are considered a(n):

• Homologous Feature

• Analogous Feature

• Vestigial Feature

• Subsequent Feature

• Depending on the reason why wisdom teeth evolved, it could be any of these terms.

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A species of crab are found to be localized to one particular island. A hurricane comes through and destroys the island killing almost all of the crabs found on this island. A few survive the storm to reproduce. This is an example of:

• Natural Selection.

• Genetic Isolation.

• The Bottleneck Effect.

• The Founder Effect.

• All of these.

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The Hardy-Weinberg rule is:

• Useful in determining the extent to which a sexually reproducing population is evolving.

• Used to predict when genetic drift will occur in a sexually reproducing population.

• Useful in determining the extent to which polyploidy is occurring in specific plant populations.

• Used to predict when specific groups of organisms will become extinct.

• All of these

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