Federalist No. 10, 51, Brutus 1

Read the following excerpt and answer the question below. …[W]henever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government… -Declaration of Independence, 1776 Source: National Archives/Public Domain

Which political principle is reflected in this quote?

• class warfare

• social contract

• order of succession

• separation of powers

The concept of separation and balance of powers in the Constitution refers to:

• a separation of powers between various executive departments.

• a separation of powers between the national and state governments.

• a separation of powers between separate and coequal branches of government.

• a separation of individual rights from the rights that are granted to state governments

Why was separation of powers included in the constitution?

• to ensure that all citizens would become active participants in the government

• to provide a more efficient manner in which to organize the government

• to make the federal government move slowly compared with the states

• to prevent one branch of government from gaining too much control over the federal government

. The passage below is from Federalist 51, written by James Madison in 1788.

the interior structure of the government as

that its several constituent parts may, by their

mutual relations, be the means of keeping

each other in their proper places, "ambition must counteract ambition."

Source: Public Domain

Which constitutional principle does Madison describe in the passage?

• Popular sovereignty

• Judicial review

• Separation of powers

• Checks and balances

“If Men were angels, no government would be necessary. If angels were to govern men, neither external nor internal controls on government would be necessary. In framing a government which is to be administered by men over men, the great difficulty lies in this: you must first enable the government to control the governed; and the next place, oblige it to control itself.” -Madison Federalist No. 51

According to the quote

• Earthly people can be trusted to carry out the controls of government without checks and balances.

• Angels must govern men.

• Madison had a Hobbesean view of human nature, whereby power must be checked.

• Separation of powers are not a realistic goal for government.

How did James Madison view the existence of “faction” in America?

• He feared faction and felt that there was no way to control it.

• He liked faction and wanted the strongest faction to dominate

• He refused to acknowledge that any factions existed in the new nation.

• He feared faction but thought its effects could be managed by the existence of many competing factions.

To James Madison, the size of the American nation should be

• small, to allow lots of individual attention.

• medium, because he believed in Aristotle’s “moderation in all things.”

• large, so that many diverse groups could exist.

• spherical, in order for the president to be in the center.

Madison thought that the best form of government to handle the problem of factions was:

• direct democracy

• autocracy

• dictatorship

• republic

According to Brutus 1,

• It was conventional wisdom that republics had to be small and homogeneous—not large and diverse—in order to be successful.

• Preferred a large republic over small state sovereigns.

• A critic of states rights and the sovereign individual.

• Argued for a strong federal government.

One of the main objections to the Constitution argued by Brutus

• political parties are a necessity

• checks and balances are not necessary for the central government

• separation of powers will not work be in a large republic

• is the immense power of the federal government which requires the people to sacrifice their liberties.