Chapter 2: The Reading and Writing Processes

Literacy professionals use the term text to refer:

• only to basal readers

• only to periodicals such as newspapers and magazines

• to all visual materials

• to all reading materials

When English learners are assigned a writing task, it is most helpful for teachers to begin by:

• reviewing an editing checklist with them

• assigning a classmate to edit their work

• speaking with them and developing a word bank of related words

• developing handwriting lessons

Research suggests that students' reading and writing abilities show the most improvement when:

• reading and writing instruction are integrated

• reading and writing strategies are taught separately

• reading instruction precedes writing instruction

• writing instruction precedes reading instruction

A 4th grade teacher finds that struggling readers in her class don't understand how to apply reading strategies independently. Another teacher advised her to:

• talk with their parents about the importance of learning how to apply reading strategies

• encourage her students to read to first grade students

• use a think-aloud to demonstrate the thought processes that more capable readers use

• invite guest readers to visit the classroom

A fifth grade teacher encourages her students to draw during the prewriting stage because it:

• makes their texts longer

• leads to improved spelling

• helps children work together

• helps students organize their ideas

Fluency is an important part of reading because fluent readers:

• devote most of their cognitive resources to decoding

• devote most of their cognitive resources to comprehension

• read most materials orally

• ready mostly digital texts

The most authentic type of reading is:

• guided reading

• echo reading

• choral reading

• independent reading

The best way to prepare students to write about ocean animals would be to:

• ask students to read with a partner

• administer daily quizzes

• develop a word wall with related vocabulary

• teach a lesson on punctuation

Research has shown that students who write using a laptop rather than paper and pencil tend to:

• write expository rather than narrative texts

• write more and self-correct their work

• become easily distracted and get off-task

• write shorter paragraphs

It is most appropriate for students to seek and receive feedback on their writing during the:

• prewriting stage

• drafting stage

• revising stage

• publishing stage