Brainpop Radioactivity

What is radioactivity?

• A term that describes the forces that hold atomic nuclei together

• The movement of electrons around an atomic nucleus

• The application of heat energy to an atomic nucleus

• The emission of high-energy particles or waves from atoms

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How do atoms with stable nuclei differ from atoms with unstable nuclei? a. b. c. d.

• Stable nuclei can be found everywhere; unstable nuclei do not occur in nature.

• Stable nuclei emit electrons; unstable nuclei emit protons and neutrons.

• Stable nuclei contain equal numbers of protons and neutrons; unstable nuclei do not.

• The number of particles in stable nuclei never changes; the number of particles in unstable nuclei does change.

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What would two different isotopes of an atom have in common?

• Atomic weight

• Number of protons

• Number of neutrons

• Atomic mass

What is a half-life?

• The average time it takes for any element to disappear completely

• The time it takes for half of any number of radioactive atoms to decay

• The time it takes for a radioactive atom to lose half its neutrons

• The time it takes for a radioactive atom to lose half its electrons

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Imagine you have 50,000 atoms of uranium-238. If U-238 has a half-life of 4.5 billion years, how many U-238 atoms will be left after 4.5 billion years?

• 25,000

• 50,000

• 12,500

• 0

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What happens when the number of protons in an atom changes?

• It becomes a completely different atom, with different properties

• Usually nothing happens, unless the atom is radioactive

• The number of electrons changes too

• The atomic nucleus explodes

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Which term best describes alpha particles?

• Deadly

• Harmless

• Scalding

• Dangerous

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How are gamma rays different from beta particles?

• Beta particles cannot penetrate people's skin; gamma rays can

• Beta particles are extremely dangerous, gamma rays are less so

• Gamma rays are extremely dangerous; beta particles are less so

• Beta particles are safe for humans to ingest; gamma rays are not

Genetic mutations in humans can be caused by damage to:

• DNA molecules

• Brain cells

• Heart cells

• Red blood cells

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How can radioactivity be useful? =

• It can be used to microwave food

• It can be used in cancer treatments and pacemakers

• It can be used to create helpful gamma rays

• It can be used to create radioactive waste

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