Kadar Tindakbalas

Cara-cara menentukan kadar tindakbalas ialah..

Methods to determine rate of reactions are..

• Isipadu asid berubah mengikut masa

  Asid volume changes over time

• Jisim bahan tindakbalas digunakan melawan selang masa yang diambil

  Mass of reactants used against time intervals taken

• Masa yang diambil untuk isipadu gas terhasil sepenuhnya

  Time taken for a complete volume of gas produced

• Jisim produk berkurangan dengan masa berjalan

  Mass of products decreasing over time

Kadar tindak balas rendah bermaksud....

A low rate of reaction meaning that...

• Masa tindakbalas lambat

  Slow time of reaction

• Masa tindakbalas pantas

  Fast time of reaction

• Masa tindakbalas pada masa tertentu

  Time reaction on a certain time

Kalsium karbonat bertindakbalas dengan asid hidroklorik yang cair untuk menghasilkan gas karbon dioksida. 
Berdasarkan graf yang dihasilkan, apakah kesimpulan yang boleh diberi? 

A reaction between calcium carbonate and diluted hydrochloric acid produces carbon dioxide gas.
What conclusion can given from the graph?

• Kadar tindakbalas kosong pada saat ke 30
  Zero rate of reaction at 30 second

• Kadar tindakbalas berkurangan dengan masa
  Rate of reaction decreases with time

• Kadar tindakbalas meningkat ketika tindakbalas berlaku secara berterusan
  Rate of reaction increase as reaction continues

• Purata kadar tindakbalas ialah 1.6 cm^3 s^-1
  Average rate of reaction is 1.6 cm^3 s^-1

Lebihan zink dicampurkan ke dalam 100 cm³ asid sulfurik yang dicairkan. Isipadu gas H₂ melawan masa diplotkan graf. Apakah yang diwakili oleh tangen X?

Excess zinc were mixed in diluted 100 cm³ sulfuric acid. A graph of volume of H₂ gas was plotted. What is represented by X tangent?

• Kadar tindakbalas pada 1.5 minit

  Rate of reaction on 1.5 minutes

• Kadar tindakbalas antara minit pertama dan minit kedua

  Rate of reaction between first and second minute

• Purata kadar tindakbalas dalam 1.5 minit pertama

  Average rate of reaction in first 1.5 minutes

• Purata kadar tindakbalas untuk eksperimen

  Average rate of reaction for the experiment

Berikut adalah persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas antara kalsium karbonat dan asid hidroklorik yang cair (dalam lebihan).
 $CaCO_3+2HCl\ \rightarrow\ CaCl_2+H_2O+CO_2$  
Graf manakah yang menunjukkan perubahan jisim campuran tindakbalas melawan masa?
Based on the reaction between calcium carbonate and diluted hydrochloric acid (in excess), which graph shows changes of mass of reactants against time?

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Gambar rajah menunjukkan eksperimen untuk menentukan kadar tindakbalas antara natrium thiosulfat dan asid hidroklorik. Kadar tindakbalas ditentukan oleh...

Picture shows an experiment to determine rate of reaction between sodium thiosulphate and hydrochloric acid. The rate of reaction is determined by...

• mengukur isipadu SO₂ terhasil pada selang masa biasa

  measure volume of SO₂ formed on normal time intervals

• mengukur kepekatan asid hidroklorik pada selang masa biasa

  measure the concentration of hydrochloric acid on normal time intervals

• mencatat masa sebaik sahaja tanda 'cross' hilang

  record the time as the cross mark disappeared

• mencatat masa sebaik sahaja pemendapan timbul

  record the time as a precipitation occurs

Apa yang terjadi sekira saiz bahan tindakbalas menjadi kecil?

What will happen if size of a reactant becomes small?

• Meningkatkan kadar tindakbalas (masa cepat)

  Increase rate of reaction (faster time taken)

• Merendahkan kadar tindakbalas. (masa lambat)

  Decrease rate of reaction (slower time taken)

Berdasarkan teori perlanggaran, zarah-zarah mesti berlanggar antara satu sama lain dan menghasilkan tenaga melebihi tenaga pengaktifan. Tenaga pengaktifan ialah....

Based on The Collision Theory, particles must collide each other and produce energy more than its activation energy. Activation energy is....

• Tenaga maksimum untuk memulakan tindakbalas

  Maximum energy to start a reaction

• Tenaga minimum untuk memulakan tindakbalas

  Minimum energy to start a reaction

Perlanggaran zarah yang menghasilkan tenaga pengaktifan mesti berlaku dalam....

Collision particles which produce activation energy must occuring in....

• Orientasi yang betul

  correct orientation

• Orientasi yang berlawanan

  opposite orientation

Mangkin ______ kadar tindak balas dengan ________ tenaga pengaktifan sesuatu tindakbalas

A catalyst will _______ rate of reaction by _________ activation energy of a reaction

• meningkatkan, menambahkan

  increasing, giving

• merendahkan, mengurangkan

  decreasing, reducing

• meningkatkan, mengurangkan

  increasing, reducing

• merendahkan, menambahkan

  decreasing, giving