Enlightenment and Absolute Monarchs Review

A major concept promoted by thinkers of the Enlightenment was the need for

• A return to traditional medieval ideas

• The use of reason and logic to usher in progress

• Overseas expansion by European nations

• Strengthening the power of organized religious institutions

Enlightenment philosopher who believed people had natural rights of life, liberty, and property.

• John Locke
• Montesquieu
• Rousseau
• Voltaire

Enlightenment philosopher who opposed absolutism, believing that the best safeguard for society against abuses of power is to separate the powers of government into three separate branches.

• John Locke

• Montesquieu

• Rousseau

• Voltaire

According to John Locke, why are governments created?

• God gives monarchs a divine right to rule over their people

• People are naturally selfish and need a strong ruler to create order

• To protect the natural rights of the citizens

• Civil government must be established to offset the power of the church

The philosophical agreement between people and the government where people agree to give up some rights and stay loyal to the government in exchange for safety and protection is called

• Philosophers

• Democracy

• Social Contract

• Divine Right of Kings

Voltaire, the French author was a big believer in which of the following?

• Freedom of Speech and Religion

• People are born wicked

• People are born free and equal

• The social contract

What is absolutism?

• A form of monarchy where the monarch and pope share power

• A form of monarchy where the monarch has unlimited power over society

• A monarchy where constitutional checks are placed on the monarch powers

• A form of monarchy where the people elect the monarch based on their political careers

Many absolute monarchs during the 1600's and 1700's justified their powers on the concept of divine right. What is the concept of divine right?

• The source of a monarch's power is from the people they rule

• The source of a monarch's power is from the pope

• The source of a monarch's power comes from God himself

• The source of a monarch's power is derived from their ability to fight Muslims

The document signed in France by Henry IV, the grandfather of Louis XIV, which protected the religious rights of the Huguenots in France was the

• Peace of Augsburg

• Edict of Worms

• Edict of Nantes

• Act of Supremacy

In 1685, Louis XIV revoked the Edict of Nantes, which caused a mass exodus of French Protestants who were known as

• Huguenots

• Presbyterians

• Calvinists

• Anglicans