APES Unit 5 #1

A cost benefit analysis done to investigate a proposed mine site would likely take which of the following into account?

I. The medical costs of mine worker injuries

II. The cost of environmental restoration of the site when it is shut down

III. The value of the ore to be extracted from the mine

• II only

• I and II only

• I and III only

• II and III only

• I, II, and III

A family of five recently replaced its 5-gallon-per-minute shower heads with water saving 2-gallon-per-minute shower heads. Each members of the family averages 8 minutes in the shower per day. In a 30-day period, how many fewer gallons of water will the family use with the new shower heads?

• 60

• 800

• 2400

• 3600

• 7200

A farmer observes that increasingly high concentrations of a particular pesticides have been required each year over the past ten years to achieve the same level of effectiveness on a specific insect pest. Which of the following best helps explain the observation?

• Some individual insects live longer than others and pas on traits acquired during their lives

• Only the most aggressive and territorial insects survive and reproduce

• Some individual insects are more likely than others to survive and reproduce due to their inherited traits

• Some individual insects produce many offspring, and thus their offspring live longer

• Some individual insects reproduce before the pesticide is applied thereby avoiding its harmful effects

A sustainable society would emphasize

• maintaining the current rates of energy flow and resource use

• converting the world'd high-quality energy resources to low-quality heat

• recycling both matter and high-quality energy

• using energy efficiently and reusing and recycling matter

• quickly expanded nuclear power because it is a renewable source

Which of the following best describes an environmental advantage of urbanization?

• Individuals living in cities have more varied employment opportunities than individuals living in rural areas

• Individuals living in cities have greater access to health care than individuals living in rural areas

• Individuals living in cities usually have greater access to fresh, local agricultural products than individuals living in rural areas

• Individuals living in cities usually have a lower transportation carbon footprint than individuals living in rural areas

Farmers need to make many decisions about how they grow their crops. One of these decisions is whether to use synthetic fertilizer or organic fertilizer, such as manure. An advantage of using synthetic fertilizer instead of organic fertilizer is that

• synthetic fertilizer can provide more targeted macronutrients to the crops

• synthetic fertilizer remains in the soil longer than organic fertilizer does reducing the volume needed and therefore the cost to the farmer

• synthetic fertilizer adds to soil texture and increases the soil's water-holding capacity

• organic fertilizer runs off more readily into waterways leading to nutrient overload

An integrated pest-management approach to pest control emphasizes which of the following?

• eradication of the pest population

• reliance on spraying broad-spectrum pesticides

• reduction of crop damage to an economically tolerable level

• use of plant monocultures to simplify spraying

• elimination of the use of second-generation pesticides

Which of the following is a direct economic advantage associated with aquaculture?

• Aquaculture breeds genetically modified fish to increase the amount of biodiversity in the population

• Aquaculture reduces the number of fish operations in an area

• Aquaculture produces large amounts of seafood for human purchase and consumption year-round

• Aquaculture requires large bodies for water for its operations

As part of a school project, a group of high school student will attempt to determine whether increasing the species diversity of the edible plants in pastures used for grazing livestock will provide an economic benefit to ranchers. Which of the following hypotheses, if support by experimental results, best demonstrates an economic benefit to ranchers?

• Pastures with the highest diversity of plant species will have the highest net primary productivity

• Pastures with the highest diversity of plant species will have the lowest water infiltration rate

• Pastures with the highest diversity of plant species will have the highest soil pH

• Pastures with the lowest diversity of plant species will have the lowest rate of insect predation

• Pastures with the highest diversity of plant species will have the lowest diversity of bird species

As urbanization increases and natural soil surfaces are covered, the groundwater supply is reduced due to

• increased evaporation and transpiration

• decreased surface runoff

• loss of recharge area

• confinement of aquifers

• capping of artesian wells