Unit 6 test APUSH

By the turn of the 20th century, the industrial workforce in the eastern cities was swelled by ranks of

• White southerners leaving the uncertainties of plantation economies

• European immigrants arriving as indentured servants

• Immigrants from Mexico and Asia

• Immigrants increasingly from southern and eastern Europe

The photograph provides evidence of which aspect of industrial labor in the late 19th century that was especially disconcerting to the American public and social reformers of the era?

• Low wages

• Married women working in factories

• Violent labor strikes

• Child labor

Many of the industrial workers in cities at the turn of the century such as those in the photograph most typically might have faced

• few opportunities for new cultural experiences

• nativist sentiment from the urban political machine

• pressures to assimilate yet maintain their ethnic cultures

• a well-established network of government-run immigrant services

Which was a major issue for which labor unions tried to organize nationally in the late 19th century?

• Nativist sentiment against immigrants in the workplace

• Poor and dangerous working conditions

• Public perception of union organizers as “radicals”

• Disparity in wages between women and men

Which was most directly a major factor in driving larger numbers of Americans to seek industrial work like that depicted in the photograph?

• Greater availability of cheap farmland in the West

• Decreasing exports of cash crops in the South

• Economic competition from newly arrived European immigrants

• Decline in the farm economy due to industrialization in agriculture

Which economic development of the late 19^th century most directly made possible the degree of opulence displayed in the above photo?

• The advent of corporations

• Development of the trust and growth of monopolies

• Technological advances in steel making

• Changes in property tax laws

Those who lived in such opulence during the Gilded Age justified their immense wealth by employing arguments having which of the following influences?

• Puritan ideal of predestination, combined with the romantic ideas of self-realization and the cultivation of reason

• Puritan ideals of work and thrift, combined with ideas from Southern aristocratic romanticism and from Social Darwinism

• Social Darwinism

• Social Darwinism, Puritan ideals of work in relation to the concept of predestination, and Protestant revivalist emphasis on individual action

Those who criticized the wealth such as that displayed in the above photo argued that

• the wealthy had a duty to advance social progress and to live modestly

• the monopolies creating such wealth undermined American ideals of individual opportunity and freedom to control one's own destiny

• the rise of monopolies creating such wealth showed that the idea of competition in a free market did not work

• the show of such ostentatious wealth was instigating more businessmen to employ monopolistic practices

Which of the following was an alternative vision for American society arising in the turn of the 20th century, in contrast to the corporate ethos producing concentrated opulence such as that displayed in the above photo?

• The Social Gospel of advancing society by helping the oppressed and the poor

• The availability of great wealth to all and their obligation to achieve it

• Selection of the social classes was predestined by the laws of nature and of God

• A return to an agrarian economy of small, self-sustaining farmers

In the 19th century, which of the following popular American ideals both served to support the argument for the kind of wealth displayed in the above photo, as well as to criticize such wealth?

• With willpower and hard work, anyone can "make it."

• The wealthy have a duty to help those less fortunate.

• Humans can purposefully shape civilized society.

• Luck is an essential part of success.