Those who criticized the wealth such as that displayed in the above photo argued that

the monopolies creating such wealth undermined American ideals of individual opportunity and freedom to control one's own destiny

the wealthy had a duty to advance social progress and to live modestly

the rise of monopolies creating such wealth showed that the idea of competition in a free market did not work

the show of such ostentatious wealth was instigating more businessmen to employ monopolistic practices

Which of the following was an alternative vision for American society arising in the turn of the 20th century, in contrast to the corporate ethos producing concentrated opulence such as that displayed in the above photo?

The Social Gospel of advancing society by helping the oppressed and the poor

The availability of great wealth to all and their obligation to achieve it

Selection of the social classes was predestined by the laws of nature and of God

A return to an agrarian economy of small, self-sustaining farmers

In the 19th century, which of the following popular American ideals both served to support the argument for the kind of wealth displayed in the above photo, as well as to criticize such wealth?

With willpower and hard work, anyone can "make it."

The wealthy have a duty to help those less fortunate.

Humans can purposefully shape civilized society.

Luck is an essential part of success.

Which was a more common notion of land conservation in the late 19 th century, compared to the general idea reflected in the above legislation?

Land should be protected for careful public management of the natural resources.

Land should be protected the sake of preserving the natural beauty and ecology.

Only development on land limited in water resources should be restricted.

Preservation was a private endeavor, not a public one.

In the conservation movement of the late 19th century, which of the following groups would most likely disagree with federal funding for building dams and reservoirs in the West?

Railroads, timber, mining companies

Eastern bankers who had landholding interests in the West

Why might historians choose to categorize this legislation of 1872 as typical of the Progressive era rather than of the Reconstruction era?

Conservation as a movement arose mostly in response to the rapid industrialization of the late 1800s and progressive ideas of purposeful human intervention.

Government lacked the constitutional right to pass such legislation until ratification of amendments in the early 1900s.

The advance of the Social Gospel movement spurred reformers to expand their ideas of justice to the environment, as well.

Progressive era reformers concerned themselves almost entirely with rural and environmental issues.

Which group most expressed similar concerns as the preservationists in the 19 th century over the impact of capitalist enterprises on the natural environment?

Romantics who believed in human perfectability

Which most directly made possible the construction of the network of railways shown in the map?

Federal and state government subsidies, including free land

Discovery of gold and silver mines in the West

Westward migration of Americans

Which best describes the larger significance of the network of the transcontinental railroad and subsidiary lines for economic development nationally, as the map demonstrates?

Tying the natural resources of the West to the industry and cities of the East

Spurring a growth in the ship building industry to expand markets overseas

Rail companies offering settlers free land to farm in areas near the rail lines

Allowing for faster trans-Atlantic travel

Which best describes the significant impact on the physical environment in the mid- to late 19th century most directly related to the building of the transcontinental railroad and subsidiary lines?

Reduction in size and virtual disappearance in some places of the open plains, contributing to the demise of buffalo herds

Increased consumer demand for buffalo hide, as access became widely available due to the rail lines

Increased average rainfall in the Great Plains, leading to greater appropriation of open land for farming

The closing of mines as mineral deposits became rapidly depleted due to the high influx of white settlers looking for economic opportunities

Which best describes government policy in the late 19th century in response to the increased conflict between settlers and Native American groups as the West became more populated?

Reversal from creating communally-owned reservations to a policy of assimilation for the Native American groups

Forcible removal of the Great Plains tribes further westward

Firm enforcement of the reservations created earlier in the century, keeping white settlement out of these areas

Increasing the number of communally-owned reservations for Native American groups to occupy

In the post-Reconstruction era, which of the following was an alternative economic vision promoted by some white southerners, as opposed to the economic system described above?

A “New South” based on a strong industrial economy

A “New South,” having a diverse agricultural economy

A “New South,” rejuvenated to a return of the plantation system

A “New South” based on a system of small, family-owned farms

The most direct effect of the system described in the excerpt was that

for most newly-freed African Americans, the dream of owning land became virtually impossible

opportunities increased for African Americans in the South to advance to a middle class

the event known as the "Great Migration" of African Americans to the North occurred

African Americans in the South were denied political civil rights

The system described in the above excerpt most directly had which of the following negative consequences for the larger southern economy?

An even greater dependency on cash crops and a lack of a diversified agricultural industry

A lack of strong motivation for the South to grow the economy

No development of a system of credit to help farmers during times of low crop prices

Which of the following arguments is best supported by the above excerpt?

A culture of white supremacy continued to be reinforced in the South.

Renting land to farm was more difficult for the African American than sharecropping.

White landowners kept African Americans working their plantations by moving to a salary system.

African Americans saw education as a means to gain economic independence.

Which event most undermined the agricultural system described in the above excerpt?

Industrial labor needs during World War I sparked a great African American migration to northern cities.

Widespread adoption of the cotton gin greatly lowered the demand for agricultural output.

The development of refrigerated rail cars in the late 1800s allowed for greater distribution of food, lowering the need for the small farmer.

The ratification of the Thirteenth Amendment created a constitutional ban on slavery and any systems that essentially had the same effect.

The above legislation was a direct development of which of the following?

Political pressure arising from strong anti-Chinese nativist sentiments in the West

A rapid growth in Chinese immigrant population

A desire to balance the numbers of ethnicities immigrating into the U.S.

The end of an era of railroad construction leading large numbers of unemployed Chinese workers to spread across the nation

Cultural and racial arguments made against Chinese immigrants in the late 19th century were the same as those made against American Indians in which of the following ways?

They were uncivilized savages, unable to be assimilated into society.

They were "noble," despite being savages.

They were bringing radical new ideas into white society, causing social agitation.

They were capable of being assimilated into European cultural ways.

The language in the above excerpt would imply that the legislation was enacted to most address which of the following concerns?

White laborers fears of unemployment and being undercut in wages

Middle class fears of economically competing with an highly educated class of immigrants

The communal structure of Chinese political society changing politics in the West, due to the large numbers and rapid influx of Chinese immigrants

Fear of the influences of the non-western Chinese cultural and religious practices

The above excerpt best reflects the changing nature of government policies towards the American Indian by the late 19th century in which of the following ways?

A shift from a policy of isolating the tribes from white society to one of assimilation

A move to establish citizenship qualifications for the American Indian, in order to facilitate assimilation

Formal declaration of American Indian sovereignty and acknowledgement of tribal cultures

A shift from forced movement onto large reservations together to isolating each tribe individually

Which of the following was a means for implementing the eventual policy against American Indians in the late 19th century resulting from reports such as the one above?

Establishment of American Indian boarding schools for American Indian children

Moving all the plains American Indians into two large reservations

Nullifying all treaties with the American Indian tribes

A government program to establish American Indian cultural museums

Which of the following statements regarding American Indian status by the late 19 th century is best implied by the above excerpt?

American Indians' military resistance to the westward push of white settlers was mostly ended.

The U.S federal government sought to observe American Indian sovereignty.

Federal policies forced American Indians to share reservation lands with differing nations and led to cultural diffusion.

White activists sought to preserve traditional American Indian practices as cultural markers.

What was the intended larger effect of the implementation of policies such as that being suggested in the above excerpt?

Destruction of American Indian tribal culture

Formal American Indian recognition of white cultural superiority

Discontinuance of American Indian spiritual revivalism

Reinstatement of American Indian sovereignty rights

How did some American Indians react to government policies resulting from opinions such as that above?

Many turned inward to a spiritual reawakening.

Many gave up armed resistance and became small farmers on the plots of land given to them by the U.S. government.

Many left their tribes to join white societies.

Many from the different tribes joined together to form a united tribal nation to fight to regain lost lands.

Which of the following best describes the cornerstone to government strategy against the American Indian by the late 19 th century?

Transformation from a communal way of life to one of capitalist individualism

Destruction of the buffalo herds to force American Indians from their traditional ways

Employ the spiritual revivalist movements on the reservations to help the tribes prepare for life on individual farms

Acknowledge the tribes as independent nations and negotiate treaties defining the Indian territorial boundaries

Carnegie’s essay from which the above passage is excerpted was one of several responses to which socioeconomic condition in the late 19th century?

Extreme gap between the rich and the poor

Rapid population growth of urban areas

Poor factory working conditions

The desire to create grand and beautiful cities

A late 19th century result stemming from the philosophy which Carnegie advocated was

The establishment of grand public cultural and educational institutions

The construction of mass transit systems in urban areas

The congestion of the city landscape that came with rapid growth

Wretched housing conditions for the poor

Which social philosophy popularized in the late 19th century most forms the underlying assumption of Carnegie’s argument?

Cultural movement for beautifying cities and creating public spaces

The narrative best reflects the influence of which early American colonial religious belief, as interpreted by American culture in the late 19th century?

The Puritan belief that thrift and hard work resulting in material success was a sign of heavenly favor and goodness

The English colonial belief that only those who had a conversion experience could serve as community leaders

The early colonial belief in the complete separation of church and state

The Puritan idea that salvation was purely given by grace alone

Which foundational American ideal is most being illustrated in the narrative?

The ideal of individualism and opportunity for all

The ideal of survival of the fittest

The ideal of private wealth to be employed for the public good

The value of education promoted in the narrative was most manifest in which aspect of American republicanism following the American Revolution?

Emphasis on the importance of an enlightened citizenry

Emphasis on defining the conditions of citizenship

Emphasis on the idea that the sovereignty of government flowed from the people

Emphasis on the importance of individual freedom to practice one’s religion

The narrative can be interpreted to support which of the following concepts challenging the idea of natural selection?

That human intelligence guided societal development

That laissez-faire capitalism was the purest form of natural law

That society ran by itself like a logical machine

That the workings of Darwinian natural law guided society

Growth in business by the late 19th century like that depicted in the image was greatly helped from broadening markets due to

Growing industrialization in the South

A sharp rise in incomes for the working class

Conspicuous consumption by the very wealthy

In addition to technological innovation leading to dramatic increases in the production of goods, which development most directly played a role in producing a mass market by the late 19th century?

New merchandizing and marketing techniques

The social services provided by the urban political machines

Legislation in the late 19 th century restricting immigration

Organized labor's success in dramatically increasing wages

Which government policy following the Civil War was most significant to helping expand markets, spurring economic growth resulting in developments as depicted in the image?

Government subsidies for railroad expansion

Financial grants of support for urban efforts to beautify the cities

Immigration restrictions to control workforce expansion

Encouragement of business sponsorship of research and development

More people across all income levels in the late 19th century had greater access to goods and services from businesses like those in the image because of

Increased real wages due to the decrease in prices of goods

Government policies limiting factory production of goods

Labor shortages leading to higher wages

Increased wages as prices of goods increased

Which of the following socio-economic developments in the late 19th century was most important to the rise and sustaining of business as depicted in the image?

The growth and increasing prosperity of the middle class

Development of the department store concept

New employment opportunities for women

Greater income gap between the rich and the poor

Unit 6 test APUSH

Authored by Anna Bartsch

History

11th Grade

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MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

By the turn of the 20th century, the industrial workforce in the eastern cities was swelled by ranks of

White southerners leaving the uncertainties of plantation economies

European immigrants arriving as indentured servants

Immigrants from Mexico and Asia

Immigrants increasingly from southern and eastern Europe

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

The photograph provides evidence of which aspect of industrial labor in the late 19th century that was especially disconcerting to the American public and social reformers of the era?

Low wages

Married women working in factories

Violent labor strikes

Child labor

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Many of the industrial workers in cities at the turn of the century such as those in the photograph most typically might have faced

few opportunities for new cultural experiences

nativist sentiment from the urban political machine

pressures to assimilate yet maintain their ethnic cultures

a well-established network of government-run immigrant services

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Which was a major issue for which labor unions tried to organize nationally in the late 19th century?

Nativist sentiment against immigrants in the workplace

Poor and dangerous working conditions

Public perception of union organizers as “radicals”

Disparity in wages between women and men

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Which was most directly a major factor in driving larger numbers of Americans to seek industrial work like that depicted in the photograph?

Greater availability of cheap farmland in the West

Decreasing exports of cash crops in the South

Economic competition from newly arrived European immigrants

Decline in the farm economy due to industrialization in agriculture

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Which economic development of the late 19^th century most directly made possible the degree of opulence displayed in the above photo?

The advent of corporations

Development of the trust and growth of monopolies

Technological advances in steel making

Changes in property tax laws

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

30 sec • 1 pt

Those who lived in such opulence during the Gilded Age justified their immense wealth by employing arguments having which of the following influences?

Puritan ideal of predestination, combined with the romantic ideas of self-realization and the cultivation of reason

Puritan ideals of work and thrift, combined with ideas from Southern aristocratic romanticism and from Social Darwinism

Social Darwinism

Social Darwinism, Puritan ideals of work in relation to the concept of predestination, and Protestant revivalist emphasis on individual action

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Unit 6 test APUSH

By the turn of the 20th century, the industrial workforce in the eastern cities was swelled by ranks of

The photograph provides evidence of which aspect of industrial labor in the late 19th century that was especially disconcerting to the American public and social reformers of the era?

Many of the industrial workers in cities at the turn of the century such as those in the photograph most typically might have faced

Which was a major issue for which labor unions tried to organize nationally in the late 19th century?

Which was most directly a major factor in driving larger numbers of Americans to seek industrial work like that depicted in the photograph?

Which economic development of the late 19th century most directly made possible the degree of opulence displayed in the above photo?

Those who lived in such opulence during the Gilded Age justified their immense wealth by employing arguments having which of the following influences?

Those who criticized the wealth such as that displayed in the above photo argued that

Which of the following was an alternative vision for American society arising in the turn of the 20th century, in contrast to the corporate ethos producing concentrated opulence such as that displayed in the above photo?

In the 19th century, which of the following popular American ideals both served to support the argument for the kind of wealth displayed in the above photo, as well as to criticize such wealth?

Access all questions and much more by creating a free account

Popular Resources on Wayground

Discover more resources for History

Which economic development of the late 19^th century most directly made possible the degree of opulence displayed in the above photo?