Evolution Test Review

After a drought, a farmer discovers that some of his wheat crop has survived. What best explains this?

• They had larger leaves to do more photosynthesis

• They had smaller roots

• They had different genetic variations that caused them to be resistant to droughts

• They had taller stems to reach more of the sunlight

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Which best explains why the birds evolved with differently shaped beaks?

• They interbred with each other.

• Some birds had defective gene pools.

• All of the birds ate the same type of food.

• They adapted to eating different types of food.

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Human arms, whale fins, and bat wings share the same number of bones in each place. Why?

• They all need to be able to do the same thing with their limbs.

• There is only one number of bones that all animals have in their limbs.

• They share a common ancestor and diverged over time.

• They lived in the same place and slowly developed the same number of bones.

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What does the Law of Superposition tell us?

• That the animal in the front will always have longer arms.

• That the fossils with better position will survive better.

• That the deeper fossil layers are older, unless something has disrupted them.

• That radiation decays over time.

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Choose the two main points of Darwin's theory of evolution as he presented it in "On the Origin of Species."

• Species are not affected by a struggle for existence

• All life is related via descent with modification

• Genetic drift leads to genetic variation

• Migration is the movement of genes from one population to another

• Populations evolve by the process of natural selection.

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"Individuals that are better suited to their environment survive, thrive, and reproduce, passing their adaptations on to offspring."

This statement is the definition of

• descent with modification

• natural selection

• the fossil record

• genetic drift

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T/F: Adaptations that lead to evolution of a species can be acquired during an individual's lifetime, such as building up really strong upper limb muscles over time as chimpanzees climb many trees.

• True

• False

In a particular population of salmon, males compete to fertilize the eggs laid by females. Very small males are able to sneak in and fertilize the eggs pretty easily, and very large males are able to fight and out-compete others in order to fertilize eggs. Medium-sized males are not sneaky enough or strong enough in fights, therefore have difficulty fertilizing the eggs. This is an example of __________ selection.

• directional

• stabilizing

• disruptive

• artificial

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For robins, having an average number of four eggs per clutch is ideal. Robins who have only two eggs have a low chance of the eggs surviving, and those who have six or more cannot properly feed all of the offspring, so they have a tough time surviving. There is strong pressure to have the average trait of four eggs per clutch. This is an example of ________ selection.

• artificial

• stabilizing

• disruptive

• directional

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The human tailbone is an example of a/an _________________: it no longer serves a purpose in our species but served a purpose in one of our ancestral species and hasn't been selected against, therefore still exists.

• transitional form

• homologous form

• vestigial structure

• adaptation

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