Hortatory Exposition

Landslides in Indonesia

A leading geologist has explained in the media that the government should pay attention and inform villagers of the dangers of building homes on mountain slopes. The government should also consider geological and topographical conditions in the relevant areas.

Indeed the government takes its duties lightly where village conditions are concerned. The inhabitants of villages should be informed regularly that cutting trees in and around a village should be prohibited.

Having travelled extensively in Sumatra, Sulawesi, Kalimantan and throughout Java, I have witnessed that in and around many villages on mountain slopes no trees are visible as these were cut down a long time ago to be used as cooking fuel besides being used to construct homes.

No reforestation has ever taken place and this is due to the government’s lack of education of villagers about this important issue. Geological and topographical conditions and the importance of reforestation are paramount.

The government also fails to inform and teach these villagers about the danger of landslides.

These mountain slopes where no tree is standing are killing zones, especially in the rainy season, and natural disasters are bound to happen.

It is not too late to inform villagers that reforestation is a must and that studying geological and topographical conditions in the area before constructing a home is extremely important. Ignorant villagers cannot be blamed.

With the letter, the writer explicitly recommends that the government....

• Educate villagers about the importance of reforestation and special care before building homes on mountain slopes.

• Encourage villagers to participate in the government’s current programs to grow trees on deforested areas.

• Have strict rules and regulations about housing development in potentially dangerous areas with few trees.

• Improve the geological and topographical conditions of mountain slopes in Indonesia

• Help and encourage villagers to do reforestation in Landslide area

Landslides in Indonesia

A leading geologist has explained in the media that the government should pay attention and inform villagers of the dangers of building homes on mountain slopes. The government should also consider geological and topographical conditions in the relevant areas.

Indeed the government takes its duties lightly where village conditions are concerned. The inhabitants of villages should be informed regularly that cutting trees in and around a village should be prohibited.

Having travelled extensively in Sumatra, Sulawesi, Kalimantan and throughout Java, I have witnessed that in and around many villages on mountain slopes no trees are visible as these were cut down a long time ago to be used as cooking fuel besides being used to construct homes.

No reforestation has ever taken place and this is due to the government’s lack of education of villagers about this important issue. Geological and topographical conditions and the importance of reforestation are paramount.

The government also fails to inform and teach these villagers about the danger of landslides.

These mountain slopes where no tree is standing are killing zones, especially in the rainy season, and natural disasters are bound to happen.

It is not too late to inform villagers that reforestation is a must and that studying geological and topographical conditions in the area before constructing a home is extremely important. Ignorant villagers cannot be blamed.

What is the letter to the editor about? ...

• A leading geologist’s explanation that the government should pay attention and inform villagers of the dangers of building homes on mountain slopes

• The government’s failure to inform and teach villagers about the danger of landslides on mountain slopes

• The writer’s view that the government does not care with the fact that people build their homes on potentially dangerous deforested mountain slope

• The writer’s observation of the serious deforestation in the four main islands in Indonesia

• The writer’s position about reforestation

Students’ cheating is one of the biggest problems faced by teachers nowadays. Despite the fact that teachers advise their students not to do dishonest acts during test, some students still do cheating. There are many kinds of cheating that students do during the test or examination, such as looking other students’ work, put some notes under their clothes, write notes or formulas on their desks make hand signals or go to rest rooms to get the answers from their friends.

In my view, students who do cheating are committing a crime. It is a sort of taking something illegally. This crime causes negative results to the students. Students who always cheat deteriorate their mental capacity. Cheating acts also create dependence. They weaken their self confidence. Instead of preparing for the coming test, they are busy to organize notes on a piece of paper. If this awful habit contributes, the students will lose their opportunity to develop their intellectual and mind.

Therefore, school should consider cheating as a very serious problem. School board and administration should go hand to overcome this matter. Honestly must be put in school’s vision. Harsh punishment must be applied to students who commit this crime

What is mainly discussed in the text?

• School policy

• Harsh punishment

• Cheating as a crime

• Mental deterioration

• Different ways of cheating

Students’ cheating is one of the biggest problems faced by teachers nowadays. Despite the fact that teachers advise their students not to do dishonest acts during test, some students still do cheating. There are many kinds of cheating that students do during the test or examination, such as looking other students’ work, put some notes under their clothes, write notes or formulas on their desks make hand signals or go to rest rooms to get the answers from their friends.

In my view, students who do cheating are committing a crime. It is a sort of taking something illegally. This crime causes negative results to the students. Students who always cheat deteriorate their mental capacity. Cheating acts also create dependence. They weaken their self confidence. Instead of preparing for the coming test, they are busy to organize notes on a piece of paper. If this awful habit contributes, the students will lose their opportunity to develop their intellectual and mind.

Therefore, school should consider cheating as a very serious problem. School board and administration should go hand to overcome this matter. Honestly must be put in school’s vision. Harsh punishment must be applied to students who commit this crime

What will the school do to eliminate students who commit cheating?

• Create a good vision

• Select honest students

• Make harsh punishment

• Make students confident

• Administer the school affair

Students’ cheating is one of the biggest problems faced by teachers nowadays. Despite the fact that teachers advise their students not to do dishonest acts during test, some students still do cheating. There are many kinds of cheating that students do during the test or examination, such as looking other students’ work, put some notes under their clothes, write notes or formulas on their desks make hand signals or go to rest rooms to get the answers from their friends.

In my view, students who do cheating are committing a crime. It is a sort of taking something illegally. This crime causes negative results to the students. Students who always cheat deteriorate their mental capacity. Cheating acts also create dependence. They weaken their self confidence. Instead of preparing for the coming test, they are busy to organize notes on a piece of paper. If this awful habit contributes, the students will lose their opportunity to develop their intellectual and mind.

Therefore, school should consider cheating as a very serious problem. School board and administration should go hand to overcome this matter. Honestly must be put in school’s vision. Harsh punishment must be applied to students who commit this crime

“Students who always cheat deteriorate their mental capacity”. (paragraph 3). The underlined word means ….

• support

• worsen

• cause

• create

• find

Students’ cheating is one of the biggest problems faced by teachers nowadays. Despite the fact that teachers advise their students not to do dishonest acts during test, some students still do cheating. There are many kinds of cheating that students do during the test or examination, such as looking other students’ work, put some notes under their clothes, write notes or formulas on their desks make hand signals or go to rest rooms to get the answers from their friends.

In my view, students who do cheating are committing a crime. It is a sort of taking something illegally. This crime causes negative results to the students. Students who always cheat deteriorate their mental capacity. Cheating acts also create dependence. They weaken their self confidence. Instead of preparing for the coming test, they are busy to organize notes on a piece of paper. If this awful habit contributes, the students will lose their opportunity to develop their intellectual and mind.

Therefore, school should consider cheating as a very serious problem. School board and administration should go hand to overcome this matter. Honestly must be put in school’s vision. Harsh punishment must be applied to students who commit this crime

“They weaken their self confidence”. What does the underlined word refer to?

• Tests

• Papers

• Results

• Students

• Cheatings

Space travel

Space travel should be stopped for many reasons. Firstly, it is totally unsafe as proven by the Colombia Space Shuttle disaster. Thousand people have been killed in accidents. Secondly, it costs billions and billions dollars every day just to put fuel into rockets. Professor Smith from the Spend Money on People Space Association agrees that space travel is a waste of time and money. Further, space travel is altering the world’s weather pattern as evidenced by the record of high temperatures this summer in Cobar. Everyone knows that if God wanted us to fly in space we should have been born with space suits. Stop space before it destroy the earth.

What does the text above mainly talk about?

• Air travel

• Road travel

• Water travel

• Space travel

• Rocket travel

Space travel

Space travel should be stopped for many reasons. Firstly, it is totally unsafe as proven by the Colombia Space Shuttle disaster. Thousand people have been killed in accidents. Secondly, it costs billions and billions dollars every day just to put fuel into rockets. Professor Smith from the Spend Money on People Space Association agrees that space travel is a waste of time and money. Further, space travel is altering the world’s weather pattern as evidenced by the record of high temperatures this summer in Cobar. Everyone knows that if God wanted us to fly in space we should have been born with space suits. Stop space before it destroy the earth.

“Stop space before it destroy the earth”. This part of paragraph indicates the ….

• Reiteration

• Reinforcement

• Argument

• Thesis

• Elaboration

Is it important to know what your kids are watching? Of course yes. Television can expose things you have tried to protect them from, especially violence, pornography, consumerism, etc.

A study demonstrated that spending too much time on watching TV during the day or bedtime often causes bedtime disruption, stress, and short of sleep duration.

Another research found that there is a significant relationship between the amount of time spent for watching television during adolescence and early adulthood, and the possibility of being aggressive.

Meanwhile, many studies have identified a relationship between kids who watch TV a lot and being inactive and overweight.

Considering some facts mentioned above, protect your children with the following tips:

1. Limit television viewing to 1-2 hours each day

2. Do not allow your children to have a TV set in their bedrooms.

3. Review the rating of TV shows that your children watch.

4. Watch television with your children and discuss what is happening to show.

Which of the following statement is true according to the text?

• All TV programs are good for children

• Children know what programs to watch

• It is good for a kid to watch TV all day long

• It is important for children to have a TV set in their bedrooms

• Spending too much time for watching TV may cause kids inactive

Is it important to know what your kids are watching? Of course yes. Television can expose things you have tried to protect them from, especially violence, pornography, consumerism, etc.

A study demonstrated that spending too much time on watching TV during the day or bedtime often causes bedtime disruption, stress, and short of sleep duration.

Another research found that there is a significant relationship between the amount of time spent for watching television during adolescence and early adulthood, and the possibility of being aggressive.

Meanwhile, many studies have identified a relationship between kids who watch TV a lot and being inactive and overweight.

Considering some facts mentioned above, protect your children with the following tips:

1. Limit television viewing to 1-2 hours each day

2. Do not allow your children to have a TV set in their bedrooms.

3. Review the rating of TV shows that your children watch.

4. Watch television with your children and discuss what is happening to show.

It is hard for children to sleep because …..

• The parents review TV’s program

• The parents limit the time to watch TV

• The kid watches TV with his/her parents

• The kid watches too much TV at bedtime

• The kid discusses the program with his/her parents