Imperialism Review

Use the cartoon to answer the question.

“China – the cake of kings and . . . of emperors,” 1898

The cartoon represents what development during the late 1800s?

• military planning by rival alliance systems

• the expansion of democracy around the world

• economic reforms by socialist political leaders

• the establishment of spheres of influence by imperial powers

These wars were fought primarily for which reason?

• Crimean War: 1853–1856

• First Boer War: 1880–1881

• Russo-Japanese War: 1904–1905

• to establish democratic governments

• religious divisions between populations

• to expand imperial holdings

• self-determination for ethnic groups

Use the excerpt below to answer the question.

First. Will in no way interfere with any treaty port or any vested interest within any so-called “sphere of interest” or leased territory it may have in China.

Second. That the Chinese treaty tariff of the time being shall apply to all merchandise landed or shipped to all such ports as are within said “sphere of interest” . . . and that duties so leviable shall be collected by the Chinese Government.

—Open Door Note, 1899

What was the purpose of this policy?

• to increase immigration from China

• to build military bases in China

• to increase trade with China

• to outsource companies to China

Article I.

Spain relinquishes all claim of sovereignty over and title to Cuba. And as the island is, upon its evacuation by Spain, to be occupied by the United States . . .

Article II.

Spain cedes to the United States the island of Puerto Rico and other islands now under Spanish sovereignty in the West Indies, and the island of Guam . . .

Article III.

Spain cedes to the United States the archipelago known as the Philippine Islands . . .

Treaty of Peace Between the United States and Spain; December 10, 1898

U.S. Government Publishing Office

Based on the text, to what extent did this treaty change the United States’ role in world affairs?

• To no extent—The United States pledged to make these territories colonies.

• To a slight extent—The United States focused on freeing European colonies.

• To a moderate extent—The United States formed an alliance with Spain after conquering the territories.

• To an extreme extent—The United States began to stretch its reach outside of its traditional sphere of influence.

Many Europeans believed that their advanced technology made them superior to people whose societies were not technologically advanced.

This concept is most closely associated with which theory?

• Marxism

• mercantilism

• Social Darwinism

• democratic republicanism

“Englishmen . . . have given the people of India the greatest human blessing—peace. They have introduced Western education. This has brought an ancient and civilized nation in touch with modern thought, modern sciences, and modern life. They have built an administration that is strong and efficient. They have framed wise laws and have established courts of justice.” --- Romesh Dutt, 1905

Read the selection. Which of the statements below reflects the author’s view of the impact of imperialism on India?

• Imperialism helped the people of India improve their economic system.

• Imperialism helped the people of India by advancing and modernizing their government.

• Imperialism harmed the people of India by replacing their traditional culture through modernization.

• Imperialism harmed the people of India by weakening their politics.

Use the excerpt below to complete the sentence.

To promote justice and nonviolence through education, scholarship and engagement.

—Mission Statement of the Mahatma Gandhi Center at James Madison University

This center was established to honor a person who

• served as the first ruler of the Indian nationalist government.

• designed the partition of India to prevent ethnic violence.

• instituted religious reforms for the government of India.

• led a successful passive resistance movement for Indian independence.

Which armed rebellion led British forces to seize direct control over India in 1858?

• the Opium War

• the Sepoy Mutiny

• the Battle of Plassey

• the Anglo-Maratha War

To those who have thought most deeply of the perils of the English Empire in India this has always seemed the monster one. It was thought to have been guarded against by the strong ties of mercenary interest that bound the army to the state, and there was, probably, but one class of feelings that would have been strong enough to have broken these ties—those, namely, of religious sympathy or prejudice. The overt ground of the general mutiny was offense to caste feelings, given by the introduction into the army of certain cartridges said to have been prepared with hog’s lard and cow’s fat.

“The Indian Revolt” by Charles Creighton Hazewell

The Atlantic Monthly, December 1857

Based on the text, what was the cause of the Sepoy Rebellion in India?

• The British required citizens of India to join the army.

• The Hindus revolted against the Sepoy Army and the British.

• The British conquered parts of India that the Sepoy Army inhabited.

• The Hindus felt their religion and traditions were threatened by the British.

This text address the concerns of the Indian people over the actions of the British Empire:

In the beginning, all of us were taken by surprise. We were almost dazed. We thought that everything that the rulers did was for our good and that this English government has descended from the clouds to save us from the invasions of Tamerlane and Chingis Khan, and, as they say, not only from foreign invasions but from brutal warfare, or the internal or external invasions, as they call it. Pax Britannica has been established in this country in order that a foreign government may exploit the country. That this is the effect of this Pax Britannica is being gradually realized in these days. We believed in the benevolent intentions of the Government but in politics there is no benevolence.

Adapted from Tenets of the New Party, 1907

Bal Gangadhar Tilak, his writings and speeches

Based on the text, how did the actions of the British contribute to the revolutionary movement in India?

• The movement believed that the British took advantage of India.

• The movement felt the British had not done enough to protect them from other nations.

• The movement perceived that the British had not promoted the internal unity of the nation.

• The movement desired additional benefits from the period of peace in the British Empire.