Absolute Monarchs and Enlightenment

Which was most highly valued by European intellectuals of the Age of Enlightenment?

• Obedience to traditional ways

• Strengthening of religious institutions

• loyalty to one's nation

• progress through the use of reason

John Locke and Jean Jacques Rousseau would be most likely to support

• A return to feudalism in Europe

• The right of citizens to decide the best form of government

• A society ruled by the Catholic Church

• A government ruled by a divine right monarchy

Peter the Great and Catherine the Great changed Russia by...

• Introducing Western ideas and customs

• preventing wars with neighboring nations

• abolishing all social class distinctions

• becoming constitutions monarchs

The fact that the Enlightenment closely followed the Scientific Revolution is evidence that....

• revolutions destroy knowledge and must be followed by a rediscovery of the past

• Scientific discoveries have little impact on other areas of culture

• A society can make important advances only in one narrow area of study at a time

• Ideas that develop in one type of activity will affect other aspects of life

Which statement best describes a change that occurred during both the Renaissance and the Enlightenment?

• The use of reason and logic was discouraged.

• Technology and science were considered unimportant.

• A new questioning spirit and attitude emerged.

• Feudalism became the dominant political system.

John Locke based his Two Treatises on Government primarily on which of the following views of human nature?

• People are basically rational and learn form practical experience.

• People are weak and sinful and need the guidance of organized religion.

• People are fallible and need guidance from the cumulative wisdom of tradition.

• People are born with all knowledge, and learning is the process of remembering that innate knowledge.

Which of the following best expresses Voltaire's views concerning religion?

• Catholics should obediently follow the dictates of the pope.

• Religious unity was fundamental to enlightened monarchies

• Freedom of religion should be granted to all

• Criticism of religious doctrines and authorities should be condemned

Although they disagreed on many issues, the fundamental principle shared by all Enlightenment thinkers was...

• democracy

• absolute monarchy

• reforming society for the sake of human liberty

• mercantilism

Hobbes advocated a commonwealth

• tightly ruled by law and order, by an absolute monarch

• liberally ruled by Parliament which is responsive to the desires of the people

• ruled by an enlightened despot concerned for the needs of his people

• ruled by the general will of the people

One of Montesquieu's most influential ideas was..

• Writ of habeas corpus

• separation of church and state

• division of power within any government

• popular sovereignty