Epigenetics

How can a person's muscle cells have the same exact DNA sequences as their nerve cells even though the look and perform completely different?

• The two different cells become mutated

• The proteins expressed in each cell are different

• They actually have different DNA in the two types of cells.

• The genome of the different cells changes

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

NGSS.HS-LS1-4

What is a Gene?

• A segment of RNA that encodes for a protein
• A chromosome
• A segment of DNA that encodes for a protein
• Your genome

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

Protein molecules around which DNA is tightly coiled in chromatin

• Histones
• Whey
• Casein
• Hemoglobin

At which stage in the lives of identical twins is the DNA code expected to be most similar?

• Age 6 months
• Age 21
• Age 55
• Trick question; the DNA code doesn't generally change

At what stage in the life of identical twins is the epigenome expected to be most similar?

• Age 6 months
• Age 21
• Age 55
• Trick quesiton; the epigenome never changes

When cells are exposed to chemicals that damage DNA, what is the usual response?

• The cells automatically become cancerous
• Normal biochemical repair processes fix any damage
• The cells undergo apoptosis, a type of cell death
• The cells change to a different type of cell

Which factor can affect the epigenome?

• nutrition
• exercise
• stress 
• all of these factors can affect the epigenome

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

This term refers to the chemical tags that affect gene function and may be passed on through generations.

• genome

• methylation

• epigenome

• autosomes

A mutation is defined as:

• A change in the cell's structure

• Anything that changes in an embryo

• Any change in the physical features of a human

• A change in the DNA sequence

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

NGSS.HS-LS4-2

Mutations are SOMETIMES helpful to the organism.

• true

• false

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

NGSS.HS-LS4-2