Unit 9 Test Review

Hemoglobin is a protein on red blood cells which binds oxygen and carbon dioxide. If someone had a mutation in the gene for hemoglobin and the hemoglobin could no longer bind oxygen and carbon dioxide strongly, what would the most likely outcome be?

• The person would not get as many nutrients from their food

• The person would not be able to exchange gases efficiently

• The person would not be able to transmit chemical signals from neuron to neuron

• The person would not be able to release hormones into the bloodstream

Hepatitis B can lie dormant in a host's cells for years. While dormant, a person experiences no Hepatitis B symptoms. While dormant, the virus affects the body by doing which of the following?

• The virus changes the nucleotide sequence in the host's genome to prevent the host from reproducing

• The virus genetic material integrates into the host cell DNA and is duplicated when the host cell divides

• The virus uses the cell's nutrients to make its own energy

• The virus produces toxins to control the cell

How does a bacterial cell damage the cells of its host?

• The bacteria produce toxins which damage host cells

• The bacteria use the cell's machinery to reproduce themselves

• The bacteria engulf and eat the host cells

• The bacteria prevent the cells from getting oxygen

Hormones trigger the release of an egg from the ovary. Which two systems are interacting in this process?

• Respiratory and Endocrine

• Immune and Reproductive

• Integumentary and Muscular

• Reproductive and Endocrine

A poster in a doctor's office has the following text:

After you eat, sugar travels through your bloodstream to reach all of the cells in the body. In order to enter your cells, the pancreas must release a hormone called insulin. Insulin binds to your cells and causes them to take up glucose (sugar).

Which statement identifies the body systems that are directly involved in the interaction described and explains how they accomplish the interaction?

• The circulatory system transports sugar to the rest of the body and the endocrine system secretes a hormone that causes glucose uptake by cells.

• The circulatory system secretes a hormone that causes glucose uptake by cells, and the endocrine system transports sugar to the rest of the body.

• The nervous system secretes a hormone that causes glucose uptake by cells and the circulatory system transports sugar to the rest of the body.

• The nervous system transports sugar to the rest of the body and the endocrine system secretes a hormone that causes glucose uptake by cells

The body has 3 types of muscle: smooth, cardiac, and skeletal. Smooth muscle and cardiac muscles contract involuntarily (without thinking). Skeletal muscle contracts voluntarily (with thinking). Skeletal muscle is involved in which of the following processes?

• Moving food waste through the large intestine

• Pumping the blood through the chambers of the heart

• Pushing a baby out of the uterus during childbirth

• Kicking a soccer ball

The diagram shows the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide gas. Which two systems are responsible for facilitating this change?

• Respiratory and skeletal

• Circulatory and nervous

• Immune and respiratory

• Circulatory and respiratory

Which of the following is an example of the digestive system working together with the circulatory system?

• The digestive system breaks down food and the circulatory system delivers nutrients around the body

• The digestive system delivers nutrients around the body and the circulatory system breaks down food.

• The circulatory system secretes hormones which regulate digestion and the digestive system breaks down food.

• The digestive system produces hormones which regulate digestion and the circulatory system breaks down food.

Which of the following is a true statement about how the body protects itself from disease?

• The muscular system traps invading pathogens

• The digestive system produces antibodies against invading pathogens

• The skin creates a barrier to pathogens entering the body

• The nervous system produces white blood cells which attack invading pathogens

Which of the following is a true statement about how our body systems work together?

• The skeletal system contracts to move the body while the muscular system supports the skeletal system

• The nervous system sends signals to the muscles through nerves and the muscles contract and cause movement

• The digestive system delivers nutrients to our cells while the circulatory system breaks down food

• The integumentary system produces white blood cells to fight pathogens while the immune system surrounds and protects our body