Which type of law makes an act a crime after it has been committed?

• summary judgment

• double jeopardy

• habeas corpus

• ex post facto

What is the significance of the U.S. Supreme Court opinion that words creating a “clear and present danger” are not protected by the First Amendment?

• The Constitution limits individual rights.

• The Constitution safeguards individual rights.

• The Constitution does not limit individual rights.

• The Constitution does not safeguard individual rights.

Why is this statement significant?

• The Constitution limits individual rights.

• The Constitution safeguards individual rights.

• The Constitution does not limit individual rights.

• The Constitution does not safeguard individual rights.

What constitutional safeguard does this passage describe?

• writ of certiorari

• habeas corpus

• ex post facto

• stare decisis

What constitutional protections have resulted from these events?

• Constitutional protections from cruel and unusual punishment are safeguarded while executions continue.

• Constitutional protections from cruel and unusual punishment are limited while executions continue.

• Constitutional protections of due process of law are safeguarded while executions continue.

• Constitutional protections of due process of law are limited while executions continue.

The statements above are taken from a government document. According to the statements, what impact have lobbyists had on government?

• Lobbyists impact how the media endorse elected officials.

• Lobbyists impact how individuals use the media.

• Lobbyists impact congressional lawmaking.

• Lobbyists impact judicial decision making.

The passage above is found in the U.S. Constitution. Based on the passage, what has been a long term result shaping the relationship between the states and the federal government?

• States must first obtain approval from the President to pass a law.

• States may pass any laws they want as long as they have the support of their citizens.

• If a federal law conflicts with a state law, the federal law is the law that is followed.

• States have their own constitutions and do not have to follow the U.S. Constitution.

Which principle was the focus of the U.S. Supreme Court decision in Miranda v. Arizona (1966)?

• freedom of expression

• freedom of speech

• self-incrimination

• right to counsel

Which was an outcome of the U.S. Supreme Court decision in Brown v. Board of Education (1954)?

• Administrators may limit the content of student publications.

• Public school districts that segregate deny equal protection.

• Students have a reduced expectation of privacy in school.

• Criminal defendants have the right to an attorney.

States must pay for public defenders as a result of which U.S. Supreme Court case?

• District of Columbia v. Heller (2008)

• Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier (1988)

• Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)

• Miranda v. Arizona (1966)