1. In the 1803 case Marbury v. Madison , the Supreme Court famously declared that federal courts have a duty to strike down unconstitutional acts of Congress. This started which of the following trends?

• legislative review

• federal review

• constitutional review

• judicial review

The Supreme Court claimed the power of judicial review in determining the constitutionality of laws in the decision of which case?

• Mayberry v. Shelbyville

• Plessy v. Ferguson

• Brown v. Board of Education

• Marbury v. Madison

In which case did the U.S. Supreme Court rule that the Florida Supreme Court's method for recounting ballots was a violation of the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment?

• Hazelwood v. Kuhlmeier

• Gideon v. Wainwright

• United States v. Nixon

• Bush v. Gore

The U.S. Supreme Court decision in Miranda v. Arizona dealt with which

of the following?

• unrestricted free speech in schools

• protection of Fifth Amendment rights during arrest

• establishment of the power of judicial review

• integration of public schools

Which of the following has NOT occurred as a result of the decision in

Marbury v. Madison (1803)?

• an amendment being added to the U.S. Constitution to clarify judicial review

• the courts playing key roles in interpreting laws set forth in the US Constitution

• the ability for a law to be ruled unconstitutional and void if it violates the US Constitution

• a lasting balance of power being established among the three branches of the federal government

A current controversy in schools today surrounds the struggle to maintain a balance between students' rights to express their own controversial views and the desire of school administrators to ensure a safe learning environment.

Which landmark Supreme Court case confronted this issue?

• Gideon v. Wainwright

• Tinker v. Des Moines

• Bush v. Gore

• Plessy v. Ferguson

The situation below describes segregation.

After the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that segregated schools were unconstitutional, President Eisenhower had to federalize the Arkansas National Guard and send federal troops to protect nine African American students entering Central High School in Little Rock, Arkansas.

What did the events at Central High School in Little Rock illustrate?

• that states do not attempt to resist Supreme Court decisions

• that the Supreme Court decision by itself did not end segregation in public schools

• that people of all levels of government supported the goal of school integration

• that the public supported the Supreme Court decision

The conversation below occurred in a courtroom in Panama City, Florida, and led to the 1963 U.S. Supreme Court case Gideon v. Wainwright .

THE COURT: Mr. Gideon, I am sorry, but I cannot appoint Counsel to represent you in this case. Under the laws of the State of Florida, the only time the Court can appoint Counsel to represent a Defendant is when that person is charged with a capital offense. I am sorry, but I will have to deny your request to appoint Counsel to defend you in this case.

THE DEFENDANT: The United States Supreme Court says I am entitled to be represented by Counsel.

What is as a result of Gideon v. Wainwright ?

• Defendants in criminal cases who cannot afford counsel are required to defend themselves in court.

• Judges are able to decide whether or not to provide counsel for defendants charged with capital offenses.

• Counsel is provided for all defendants in criminal cases who are unable to afford their own attorneys.

• The U.S. Supreme Court is no longer legally allowed to make decisions regarding counsel for defendants.

An immigrant from Japan is arrested for burglary. The police question him for hours, which results in a confession. The police did not read him his rights or inform him he could have an attorney present during questioning. Which Supreme Court case could make his confession excluded from evidence in court?

• Marbury v. Madison

• Miranda v. Arizona

• Plessy v. Ferguson

• Gideon v. Wainwright

Students at a high school were recently suspended for wearing Pink Floyd T-shirts with a rainbow design. What Supreme Court case could the students use to defend their position?

• Wisconsin v. Yoder

• Tinker v. Des Moines

• Bush v. Gore

• Texas v. Johnson