Protein Synthesis

Messenger RNA (mRNA)

• A mutation that changes an amino acid codon to one of the three stop codons, resulting in a shorter and usually nonfunctional protein.
• A type of RNA, synthesized from DNA and attached to ribosomes in the cytoplasm; it specifies the primary structure of a protein.
• A double-stranded, helical nucleic acid molecule capable of replicating and determining the inherited structure of a cell's proteins.
• A base-pair substitution that results in a codon that codes for a different amino acid.

ribonucleic acid (RNA)

• Mutation in which a single base is replaced, potentially altering the gene product.
• A base-pair substitution that results in a codon that codes for a different amino acid.
• A double-stranded, helical nucleic acid molecule capable of replicating and determining the inherited structure of a cell's proteins.
• single-stranded nucleic acid that contains the sugar ribose

Transcription

• principle that bonds in DNA can form only between adenine and thymine and between guanine and cytosine
• (genetics) the organic process whereby the DNA sequence in a gene is copied into mRNA
• mutation that involves the insertion or deletion of a nucleotide in the DNA sequence
• A mutation that changes a single nucleotide, but does not change the amino acid created.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

mutation that involves the insertion or deletion of a nucleotide in the DNA sequence

• deletion mutation
• frameshift mutation
• silent mutation
• insertion mutation

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

A simple compound whose molecules can join together to form polymers

• monomer
• gene
• polymer
• Protein

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-6

polymer

• A component of nucleic acid that carries hereditary information in DNA in cells. Chemically, it is a pyrimidine base and bonds with adenine
• A long molecule consisting of many similar or identical monomers linked together.
• An organic compound that is made of one or more chains of amino acids and that is a principal component of all cells
• monomer of nucleic acids made up of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base

Nitrogen base that pairs with adenine in RNA.

• guanine
• Uracil
• Adenine
• cytosine

missense mutation

• A mutation that changes a single nucleotide, but does not change the amino acid created.
• A mutation that changes an amino acid codon to one of the three stop codons, resulting in a shorter and usually nonfunctional protein.
• A base-pair substitution that results in a codon that codes for a different amino acid.
• a mutation in which one or more pairs of nucleotides are removed from a gene

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)

• A mutation that changes an amino acid codon to one of the three stop codons, resulting in a shorter and usually nonfunctional protein.
• A double-stranded, helical nucleic acid molecule capable of replicating and determining the inherited structure of a cell's proteins.
• single-stranded nucleic acid that contains the sugar ribose
• A type of RNA, synthesized from DNA and attached to ribosomes in the cytoplasm; it specifies the primary structure of a protein.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-1

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

insertion mutation

• a mutation in which one or more pairs of nucleotides are removed from a gene
• Mutation in which a single base is replaced, potentially altering the gene product.
• A mutation that changes a single nucleotide, but does not change the amino acid created.
• a mutation in which one or more pairs of nucleotides are inserted into a gene

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2