MidTerm

The goals of psychology are to:

• explore the conscious and unconscious functions of the human mind

• understand, compare, and analyze human behavior

• improve psychological wee-being in all individuals from birth until death

• describe, explain, predict, and control behavior

In 1879, in Leipzig, Germany, the first psychological laboratory was developed by:

• William James

• William Tell

• Wilhelm Wundt

• Sigmund Freud

The belief that the unconscious mind has an influence on one's behavior is part of what early field of psychology?

• structuralism

• psychoanalysis

• functionalism

• behaviorism

What did Sigmund Freud consider as the key to understanding the nervous disorders he observed?

• free will

• brain physiology

• unconscious mind

• external consequences

The Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov discovered that dogs would salivate to the sound of a tuning fork due to ___________________.

• habituation

• reflexology

• a learned reflexive response called conditioning

• their fear response

The first step in any scientific investigation is ______________.

• developing a hypothesis

• formulating the question

• coming to a conclusion

• developing an argument

Which research method involves watching behaviors as they occur without intervening or altering the behaviors in any way?

• case study

• experiment

• correlational studies

• naturalistic observation

A detailed description of a particular individual being studied or treated is called a ___________________.

• case study

• experiment

• correlational studies

• naturalistic observation

Which of the following questions could be answered best by using the survey method?

• What is the effect of ingesting alcohol on problem-solving ability?

• Does wall color affect the frequency of violence in prison population?

• Do students prefer a grading system with or without pluses and minuses?

• What is the relationship between number of hours of study per week and grade point average?

A(n) _________________ is a measure of the relationship between two or more variables.

• independent variable

• dependent variable

• experimental effect

• correlation