sbq1 Bio grade 10 v1

In Darwin’s time, biologists were arguing that life changed in a process of (revolution / hybridization / evolution / replication). Some of the evidence for changing life came from (embryos / fossils / scales / skeletons), the preserved remains or traces of ancient organisms.

• Evolution / fossils

• Hybridization / embryos

• Replication / skeletons

• Revolution / scales

On Darwin’s voyage, he observed ostriches and rheas living on grasslands on separate continents. These two types of birds are similar, but not identical. How did Darwin apply these observations?

• He tested the birds to see if each would survive in the other’s environment.

• He developed hypotheses to explain the distribution and differences of the birds.

• He concluded that one of the birds must have evolved from the other bird.

• He developed hypotheses to explain how each bird produced more of its own kind.

The diagram compares the sizes of the armadillo, a modern animal, and the glyptodont, an ancient animal that resembled an enlarged armadillo.

Which of the following statements is MOST STRONGLY supported by the evidence shown in the diagram?

• Ancient animals were either larger or smaller examples of modern animals.

• Ancient animals grew much larger than modern animals because of their environment.

• Ancient animals were identical to modern animals, but fossil evidence can distort their traits.

• Ancient animals resembled modern animals in some ways, but differed in other ways.

Which is an example of artificial selection?

• Female cardinals are attracted to the bright red feathers of male cardinals.

• A dog breeder mates a friendly, well-trained male dog with a similar female dog.

• A pet cat escapes into the neighborhood and mates with a stray cat.

• A farmer observes that predators tend to kill the slowest chickens in the flock.

Rocks form in horizontal layers. However, as shown along mountainsides, rock layers can become twisted or bent.

The work of James Hutton and Charles Lyell helped to explain observations of twisted or bent rock layers. What was one of their conclusions?

• Earth is extremely old, and Earth processes acted gradually to twist or bend rocks.

• Earth is only a few thousand years old, and Earth formed with many twisted or bent rocks.

• Earth is only a few thousand years old, and Earth processes acted much more rapidly in its early history.

• Earth is extremely old, and Earth formed with many twisted or bent rocks.

The graph shows the worldwide human population from 1950 to 2050. Data for the future years are predictions.

According to the ideas of Thomas Malthus, what are the predicted changes to the human population after 2050?

• The population would continue to increase at the same rate, due to constant food supplies.

• The population would increase more rapidly, due to advances in technology.

• Eventually the population would stop increasing or would decrease, due to lack of food and living space.

• Eventually the population would decrease to zero, because of war, famine, or disease.

Match each of Darwin’s ideas to the earlier scientist whose work helped Darwin develop the idea. Write the numbers I., II., or III. on each line.

I. Hutton and Lyell

II. Lamarck

III. Malthus

________________: In every species in nature, some individuals survive while many others die.

________________: The environment of organisms may change over time.

________________: The inheritable traits of species may change over time.

• II., I., III.

• III., I., II.

• I., II., III.

• III., II., I.

Scientists use homologous structures to identify evolutionary relationships. Which is an example of homologous structures?

• Scientists use homologous structures to identify evolutionary relationships. Which is an example of homologous structures?

• the wings of a dragonfly and the wings of a bat

• the front legs of a horse and the wings of a bat

• the front legs of a horse and the back legs of a zebra

The diagram shows the bone structure of the front legs of two animals: a frog (amphibian) and an alligator (reptile). Shading is used to identify similar bones.

How does a comparison of the bone structures of the two animals provide evidence of an evolutionary relationship?

• The analogous structures are evidence that one animal evolved from the other.

• The homologous structures are evidence of descent with modification from a common ancestor.

• The homologous structures are evidence that one animal evolved from the other.

• The analogous structures are evidence that the two animals do not share a recent common ancestor.