Biomolecules: Vocab

the spatial arrangement of atoms in a molecule and the chemical bonds that hold the atoms together

• polysaccharide

• chemical structure

• monomer

• biomolecule

bond formed by the sharing of valence electrons between atoms

• covalent bond

• ionic bond

• polar bond

• hydrogen bond

bond formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another

• covalent bond

• ionic bond

• hydrogen bond

• polar bond

a molecule in which the charges are unevenly distributed creating a positive charge on one side and a negative charge on the other; for example a water molecule

• monosaccharide

• polymer

• polar molecule

• synthesis

the attraction between a hydrogen atom with a partial positive charge and another atom with a partial negative charge

• covalent bond

• hydrogen bond

• polar bond

• ionic bond

substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more elements in definite proportions

• compound

• polysaccharide

• substrate

• peptide bond

any molecule that is produced by a living organism; examples are carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids

• biomolecule

• carbohydrate

• protein

• lipid

small unit that can join together with other small units to form a polymer

• compound

• polymer

• monomer

• hydrolysis

large compound formed from combinations of many monomers

• monomer

• polymer

• enzyme

• substrate

a process of bonding monomers together in a chemical reaction to form polymers (typically through dehydration synthesis)

• catalyst

• enzyme-substrate complex

• polymerization

• hydrolysis