Logical Fallacies vs. Evidence

Rejecting, omitting, or ignoring evidence of an opposing argument in order to strengthen your argument.

• Ad hominem

• Stacking the deck

• Bandwagon

• Red herring

This is a conclusion that if A happens, then eventually through a series of small steps, Z will happen. So, if we don't want Z to occur, A must not be allowed to occur either.

• Red herring

• Facts

• Post-hoc

• Slippery-slope

This conclusion occurs when one rushes to a conclusion without getting all of the facts.

• Generalization

• Anecdotes

• Strawman

• Circular reasoning

Fallacies are flaws in reasoning because they....

• often include name calling.

• they lack credible evidence to support a claim.

• they are a statement of fact.

• they strengthen an argument.

This is an attack on an opponents character rather than his claim or argument.

• Generalization

• Name calling

• Slippery-slope

• Ad hominem

This type of appeal attempts to persuades others to think the same way as the majority, or a group of people think, in order to persuade one to think the same way.

• Emotional appeal

• Statistics

• Fallacies

• Bandwagon

This is a diversionary tactic that introduces an irrelevant topic to an argument in order to distract readers and listeners from the original issue.

• Straw man

• Quotes

• Red herring

• Anecdotes

This fallacy occurs when someone takes another person’s claim and attempts to distort or exaggerate it in some kind of extreme way to make it easier to attack the argument.

• Bandwagon

• Emotional appeal

• Hyperbole

• Straw man

This fallacy occurs when an opponent restates an argument rather than proving it.

• Circular reasoning

• Evidence

• Post-hoc

• Rebuttal

This is a fallacy that assumes that if 'A' occurred after 'B' then 'B' must have been the cause of 'A.'

• Post-hoc

• Generalization

• Circular reasoning

• Cause and effect