primary and secondary succession

What is ecological succession?

• A series of predictable changes that occur in a community over time.

• It is the number of fish increasing.

• It is the seasons of the year.

• It is that rain follows cloud formation.

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Primary succession begins where there was no ecosystem and no soil such as

• a severe storm

• a volcanic eruption

• an old farm is abandoned

• a forest fire

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So, how does an ecosystem start if there is no soil?

• Moss and lichen break down rock and lava and produce soil.

• Moss and lichen are air borne and they move by the wind to start in a secondary succession environment.

• Moss and lichen are simple living organism that can start growing almost anywhere.

• All answers

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Which experiences the least change over time?

• Pioneer Species

• Primary Succession

• Aquatic Succession

• Climax Community

Which of the following best describes primary succession?

• Volcano wipes out ecosystem that gradually grows back from ash covered soil

• Volcano creates a new island of rock that must break down to form an ecosystem

• Forest fire burns down forest that must bounce back over time

• Tornado destroys a crop that must slowly grow back over time.

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Which best describes eutriphication?

• pond slowly filling with sediment over time; becoming a forest

• growth of an ecosystem following a disturbance

• forest burning down

• humans causing succession

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Which would result in primary succession?

• volcano destroying habitat leaving only soil and ash

• Tornado destroying a crop leaving very little soil

• Glacier retreating exposing bare rock

• limiting factors

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-2

Why do grasses appear before shrubs in ecological succession?

• loosen the dirt for new trees to take roots?

• provide food for animals returning to the area

• require plenty of sunlight to make their own food

• can grow even in areas with shallow soil

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What best describes the term succession?

• rapid changes that create an ecosystem overnight

• gradual changes over time to fully create or restore and ecosystem

• forest with the tallest trees

• the rate species produce offspring

How do pioneer species compare in primary and secondary succession?

• primary starts with grass and weeds, secondary starts with mosses

• primary starts with forest fire, secondary starts with volcano

• primary starts with a volcano, secondary starts with a forest fire

• Lichens and moss in primary, and grasses/ ferns in secondary

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