Chapter 9 review: Darwin and Evolution

____________ developed the theory of evolution by natural selection

• Wallace

• Darwin

• Lamarck

• Malthus

While on the Beagle, Darwin's observations included

• rock ledges that had clearly once been beaches

• fossils of gigantic living mammals

• rocks containing mountain fossil found in the sea.

Charles Lyell

• argued that Earth must be far older than most people believed

• said that human populations grow faster than their resources

• developed the idea of the inheritance of acquired characteristics

The inheritance of acquired characteristics states that

• traits an organism develops during its own lifetime are determined by nature

• traits an organism develops during its own lifetime are not passed on to offspring

• traits an organism develops during its own lifetime are passed on to offspring

• traits an organism develops during its own lifetime are determined by evolution

Artificial selection

• occurs naturally in pigeons

• is based on the inheritance of acquired characteristics

• is when nature selects for beneficial traits

• is when humans select form beneficial traits

The Galápagos Islands

• differ from one another in important ways

• are where Darwin made some of his most important discoveries

• each have some distinct plant and animal life

Darwin's reasoning included which of the following

• Darwin assumed that species can change over time

• Darwin knew that resources could grow faster than populations

• Darwin inferred that artificial selection could change species over time

The Galápagos tortoises

• evolved as the Galápagos islands separated from each other

• are able to swim between islands to eat any available food

• have differently shaped shells depending on which island they inhabit

Jean Baptiste Lamarck

• was one of the first scientists to propose that species evolve over time

• developed a widely accepted theory of evolution

• determined that Earth must be far older than most people believed

• said that famine and disease keep populations in check by killing off their weakest members

Darwin’s theory explains

• why some organisms have better fitness than others

• why species face a struggle for existence

• why giraffes have such long necks