BIg idea 7 Review

When sunlight reaches the ground, energy is absorbed and the ground becomes warmer. How is energy transferred from the ground to the atmosphere?

• convection only

• convection and radiation

• convection and conduction

• radiation and conduction

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-6

In the atmosphere, convection currents occur when warm air rises, cools, and sinks. What causes the warm air to rise?

• Warm air is denser than cool air.

• Warm air is less dense than cool air.

• Warm air contains a greater amount of water vapor than cool air.

• Warm air has a greater electrical charge than cool air.

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-6

Water vapor is one of the components of the air in the atmosphere. What change causes the water vapor in the air to form clouds?

• As air rises, the water becomes heavier and changes form

• As it cools, water vapor in air condenses to liquid or solid forms

• As the air becomes less dense, water molecules collide and form drops.

• As air rises in the atmosphere, it becomes warmer and cannot hold as much water.

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-4

NGSS.MS-ESS2-5

As hurricanes pass over land, they quickly weaken. Why does the strength of a hurricane change as it moves from the ocean to land?

• Hurricanes obtain their energy from warm ocean water.

• Land physically blocks a hurricane so the storm moves slower.

• Heat from rocks and soil causes the hurricane to become warmer and slower.

• The strength of the hurricane decreases because there are no waves to add energy.

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-6

Jet streams are long, wide air currents in the upper atmosphere. They often affect weather over large areas. In what direction do jet streams above North America usually flow?

• east to west

• west to east

• north to south

• south to north

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-5

NGSS.MS-ESS2-6

Enrico watched the weather forecast for the next week on television. He noticed that the locations of predicted thunderstorms are often along the path of the jet stream. How could Enrico best explain this observation?

• The storms come from inside the jet stream where cold air and warm air mix.

• The jet stream carries moist air that cools and forms thunderstorms beneath it.

• The jet stream is a fast current of air that is formed by the energy of thunderstorms.

• The jet stream generally flows along the boundary between cold and warm air masses.

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-5

NGSS.MS-ESS2-6

Most of Earth’s water is contained in the oceans, which are part of the hydrosphere. Where is almost all of the remaining water located?

• atmosphere

• biosphere

• cryosphere

• geosphere

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-4

Materials on Earth can be divided into a number of different spheres, based on composition. Which of the following is composed of materials from the biosphere and the geosphere?

• clouds

• minerals

• sea ice

• soil

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS2-3

NGSS.MS-LS2-4

In Southeast Asia, the air above the land becomes very warm. Air rises in a very large low pressure system and is replaced by cooler air from the ocean, which causes a monsoon wind. Summer monsoons are strong winds that blow from the ocean over vast areas of land in the summertime. These winds bring warm, humid air and produce heavy rainfall. What causes the monsoon winds to occur every year?

• differences in how land and water absorb solar energy

• differences in temperature between daytime and nighttime

• movement of air from west to east due to Earth’s rotation

• an increase in the water content of air over land as it becomes warmer

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-5

NGSS.MS-ESS2-6

When Marcus was at the beach, he noticed that a breeze blew from the land to the sea every night a few hours after sunset. How could Marcus explain this land breeze, which he did not notice during the day?

• The water cools rapidly at night so the ocean attracts more air.

• The air above the land is less dense at night so it flows toward the ocean.

• Land loses heat from the sun faster so air over land is more dense at night.

• Air tends to move more at night because there is less solar energy to keep it in place.

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-6