Imperialism and World War I

Which of the following is most likely the cause of the events referenced in both documents?

• In 1893, American businessmen backed by the US military overthrew the Queen of Hawaii

• In 1842, President Tyler urged the US Congress to annex Hawaii

• In the 1890’s, the United States shifted from a policy of imperialism to isolation

• In the 1890’s, the United States pursued a foreign policy of isolationism

Which claim is best supported by both documents?

• Hawaiians did not universally support the American annexation of Hawaii

• Hawaiians were in full support of the American annexation of Hawaii

• Hawaiians were conquered by Americans and then annexed

• Hawaii was a colony of the United States in 1898

The actions referenced in the document above resulted in what turning point in U.S. history?

• American annexation of Hawaii

• Roosevelt Corollary

• Spanish American War

• World War I

These 1898 headlines are best understood as an example of

• Political advertising

• Yellow Journalism

• Public opinion polling

• Isolationist policies

Zimmerman Telegram: This telegram was intercepted and decoded by the British during World War 1. It was then passed along to the United States.

We intend to begin on the first of February unrestricted submarine warfare. We shall endeavor in spite of this to keep the United States of America neutral. In the event of this not succeeding, we make Mexico a proposal of alliance on the following basis: make war together, make peace together, generous financial support and an understanding on our part that Mexico is to reconquer the lost territory in Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona. The settlement in detail is left to you.…

— Telegram of January 19, 1917

The intended audience of this telegram was

• German ambassador to Mexico

• German ambassador to the United States

• Mexico’s secretary of war

• Mexico’s president

Zimmerman Telegram: This telegram was intercepted and decoded by the British during World War 1. It was then passed along to the United States.

We intend to begin on the first of February unrestricted submarine warfare. We shall endeavor in spite of this to keep the United States of America neutral. In the event of this not succeeding, we make Mexico a proposal of alliance on the following basis: make war together, make peace together, generous financial support and an understanding on our part that Mexico is to reconquer the lost territory in Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona. The settlement in detail is left to you.… — Telegram of January 19, 1917

This telegram was part of an effort to

• form an alliance between Germany and the United States

• convince several western states to secede from the United States

• bring Mexico into World War I on the side of Great Britain and France

• enlist Mexican support for Germany if the United States declared war

Zimmerman Telegram: This telegram was intercepted and decoded by the British during World War 1. It was then passed along to the United States.

We intend to begin on the first of February unrestricted submarine warfare. We shall endeavor in spite of this to keep the United States of America neutral. In the event of this not succeeding, we make Mexico a proposal of alliance on the following basis: make war together, make peace together, generous financial support and an understanding on our part that Mexico is to reconquer the lost territory in Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona. The settlement in detail is left to you.… — Telegram of January 19, 1917

An effect of the telegram above could be considered a turning point because

• Congress passed neutrality legislation to ensure the United States would stay out of the war

• Woodrow Wilson was re-elected as president of the United States for a third term

• US foreign policy shifted from neutrality to direct involvement in war

• New Mexico and Arizona were granted statehood in the United States

Which problem is discussed is in documents 1 and 2?

• The US Senate’s rejection of the Treaty of Versailles because of harsh reparations

• President Wilson signing the Treaty of Versailles with support of the Senate

• President Harding signing the Treaty of Versailles and joining the League of Nations

• The United States not signing the Treaty of Versailles because the Senate wouldn’t ratify it

According to documents 1 and 2, in which order did these events occur?

• Senate rejects Treaty of Versailles, President Harding suggests joining the League of Nations, President Wilson issues a referendum vote

• Senator Lodge convinces the Senate to ratify the Treaty of Versailles, President Wilson signs the Treaty of Versailles

• President Wilson signs the Treaty of Versailles, Senate ratifies the Treaty, US joins League of Nations

• President Wilson signs Treaty of Versailles, Senate rejects Treaty of Versailles, President Harding’s foreign policy of isolation

Base your answers to questions 10 and 11 on the document excerpted below as well as your knowledge of social studies.

. . . It has been impossible in so short a space to review the entire menace of the internal revolution in this country as I know it, but this may serve to arouse the American citizen to its reality, its danger, and the great need of united effort to stamp it out, under our feet, if needs be. It is being done. The Department of Justice will pursue the attack of these “Reds” upon the Government of the United States with vigilance, and no alien, advocating the overthrow of existing law and order in this country, shall escape arrest and prompt deportation...

Source: Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer, “The Case Against the ‘Reds’,” 1920

Based on this passage, in 1920, the Attorney General of the United States, A. Mitchell Palmer, advocated the deportation of which group of people to prevent a revolution?

• Men who avoided the draft in World War I

• Citizens who criticized the government

• Wartime workers

• Communist and anarchist immigrants