Important Genetics Vocabulary

The passing of genes from parents to offspring?

• Punnett Square

• Heredity

• Probability

• Genetics

A chart used to show all the ways genes from two parents can combine and be passed to offspring is a

• Pie chart

• Punnett Square

• Line Graph

• Bar Graph

an organism that inherits two of the same alleles from its parents

• homozygous

• phenotype

• heterozygous

• dominant

What is the expression of a gene called?

• The genotype

• The phenotype

• Monohybrid cross

• Dihybrid cross

• Heterozygous genes

What would be the expected ratio of genotypes in a cross between two parents who were both heterozygous?

• 100% homozygous dominant

• 50% homozygous dominant, 50% homozygous recessive

• 25% homozygous dominant, 50% heterozygous, 25% homozygous recessive

• 100% homozygous recessive

• 100% heterozygous

If one parent has two genes for brown eyes (BB) and the other has two genes for blue eyes (bb), what is the chance that their offspring will have blue eyes?

• 50%

• 25%

• 0%

• 100%

A gardener is interested in growing pea plants of a particular height. He draws a Punnett square to display all the possible combinations of alleles when two hybrid pea plants are crossed to help him determine the possible genotypes of the offspring. T represents the dominant allele for tall plants, and t represents the recessive allele for short plants. The genotype of one parent plant is shown on the top of the square, and the other parent’s genotype is shown on the left of the square. The genotypes of the offspring are shown in the boxes. The Punnett square is shown here:

What is the probability that an offspring will be tall?

• 0%

• 25%

• 75%

• 100%

What does it mean for a gene to be sex-linked?

• It is found in only one gender: either male or female

• It is located on autosomes

• It is a gene located on the X or Y chromosome

• It is a gene that only affects the reproductive structures of an organism

A gardener is interested in growing pea plants of a particular height. He draws a Punnett square to display all the possible combinations of alleles when two hybrid pea plants are crossed to help him determine the possible genotypes of the offspring. T represents the dominant allele for tall plants, and t represents the recessive allele for short plants. The genotype of one parent plant is shown on the top of the square, and the other parent’s genotype is shown on the left of the square. The genotypes of the offspring are shown in the boxes. The Punnett square is shown here:

Fill in the blanks to correctly complete the sentence:

The genotype of both parent plants is __________, which means that both parents will be __________.

• Heterogeneous and tall.

• Heterogeneous and short.

• Homozygous and Tall

• Homozygous and Short

The particular mix of alleles (letter combinations) is an organism's

• phenotype

• chromosomes

• genome

• genotype