Earthquakes, volcanoes & plate tectonics

Non-explosive, gently sloping volcano made of flat layers of lava

• Cinder cone

• Shield

• Composite

• Transform

Theory that Earth's crust is divided into plates & the plates move around on the mantle

• Seafloor spreading

• Plate tectonics

• Continental drift

• Earthquakes

Theory that magma rises to surface at mid-ocean ridge & cools to form new seafloor

• Continental drift

• Plate tectonics

• Volcanoes

• Seafloor spreading

Boundary between two plates moving toward each other

• Transform fault boundary

• Divergent boundary

• Convergent boundary

• Strike-slip fault

Shaking of the ground caused by sudden movement of large blocks of rocks along a fault

• Earthquake

• Volcano

• Tsunami

• Surface waves

In an earthquake, the point underground where the rocks first begin to move

• Epicenter

• Normal fault

• Focus

• Reverse fault

These waves move along Earth's surface & cause the most damage

• Surface waves

• Primary waves

• Secondary waves

• D waves

The point on Earth's surface directly above the focus of an earthquake

• Juan de fuca plate

• Focus

• Seismic wave

• Epicenter

Fastest seismic waves, first to reach a location after an earthquake, also called P waves

• Secondary waves

• Seismic waves

• Primary waves

• Surface waves

Small, steep-sided volcanoes made of loosely packed layers of tephra, very explosive eruptions

• Cinder cone volcano

• Shield volcano

• Composite volcano

• Mauna Loa volcano