The Sun Still Rises in the Same Sky: NA Lit., The Sky Tree,

Joseph Bruchac says Longfellow's epic poem Song of Hiawatha is misnamed because...

• the title tells noting of the struggles faced by Native Americans

• the poet attributes his story to the wrong native group

• there was never an Iroquois named Hiawatha

• Hiawatha was a Chippewa, not an Iroquois

What does Joseph Bruchac cite as part "of the problem" in the West misrepresentation of Native American literature?

• The first European settlers feared American Indians

• Until recently, no one in the West knew American Indian had literature

• The hundreds of different native languages posed a translation problem

• Native speakers have never done translations of Indian literature

In Bruchac's view writers like M. Scott Momaday and Leslie Marmon Silko helped revitalize Native American literature because they...

• placed age-old stories in modern settings

• combined contemporary English with a native understanding of Indian story-telling traditions

• helped non-Native American see the that Indians are no different than anyone else

• brought increased attention to Native American literature

In the Abenaki story of Gluskabe, Gluskabe's grandmother tells him to return the animals he has caught because -

• she is angry with him about something else

• it is both greedy and environmentally unsound to capture all the available game

• American Indians belong to matriarchal societies in which the women hold all the power

• the animals have spirits, just like humans

According to this essay, metaphors are especially powerful in the Native American literary tradition because -

• words themselves can be endowed with special powers

• Native American writers are inherently poetic

• American Indian writers use nature as inspiration

• oral tradition has, over time, improved the quality of the original work

Bruchac's description of Lakota Sun Dance is an example of the Native American worldview that -

• how you get somewhere is just as important as what you do once you're there

• in nature, things happen cyclically, rather than in a straight line

• traditions are a basic part of human existence

• natural resources, like sun, should be celebrated

How does the author's description of the different ways Indians traveled to the Sun Dance support his contention that Indians traditions are "tenacious"?

• Despite the fact that they have been affected in profound ways by other cultures, Indians have persisted in honoring their own customs

• The Lakota would walk miles to participate in this ceremony

• Indians are adaptable and practical enough to use new forms of transportation

• No details of the Sun Dance have changed in hundreds of years

In "The Sky Tree" Aataentsic most likely throws herself down the hole after the tree because -

• wood is precious in Sky Land

• without the tree, there can be no life

• the old chief commanded her to do so

• she wanted to taste the fruit at the top of the tree

In "Coyote Finishes His Work," Coyote helps the people when he -

• rids the world of evil spirits and teaches important skills

• amuses the people with tricks

• creates the mountains and the forests

• protects people from vicious predators

In "The Earth Only," what might it be said does not endure?

• A sea and sky

• Living things

• Outmoded ideas

• The wind and the sun