Language Programs and Policies in Multilingual Societies

These refers to the languages that are no longer being passed on to children as native languages, but are spoken by a contracting and aging group of adults.

• Dying Language

• Language Death

• Endangered Language

• Language Conflict

This refers to the total absence of all speakers of a certain language.

• Endangered Language

• Language Conflict

• Language Shift

• Language Loss

This refers to the attempt to formalize grammar and pronunciation towards some norm that is invented by a group of language guardians.

• Language Standardization

• Language Acquisition Planning

• Language Policy

• Status Planning

This refers to a concept when the government decides which foreign languages are to be taught in school.

• Language Planning

• Language Education Policy

• Language Standardization

• Language Diffusion Policy

This refers to any general effort to modify language form or use.

• Status Planning

• Corpus Planning

• Language Planning

• Language Acquisition Planning

This refers to a decision to make one language official or to ban another from use.

• Status Planning

• Corpus Planning

• Language Planning

• Language Policy

This refers to any effort to fix or modify its structure which later on leads to modernization.

• Corpus Planning

• Status Planning

• Language Planning

• Language Policy

This refers to a planned spreading of a foreign or other language to non-speakers.

• Language Education Policy

• Language Diffusion Policy

• Language Acquisition Planning

• Language Standardization

This refers to the pressure felt by speakers of other languages to adopt and use a more powerful language.

• Language Maintenance

• Language Shift

• Language Planning

• Language Conflict

This refers to the ability of speakers of a language to stand up to the pressure of more powerful languages.

• Language Planning

• Language Loyalty

• Language Diffusion

• Language Contact