GED science (1)

Based on the graph, which of the following flu season weeks of a year is a

person least likely to experience symptoms of influenza-like illness

in the United States?Percentage of Visits for Influenza-like Illness (ILI), 2016-2017 and Selected Previous Seasons

• 6

• 16

• 36

• 46

Based on the diagram, choose the set of elements to complete the photosynthesis summary equation:

• CO2; C6H12O2; H2O; O2

• CO2; H2O; C6H12O6; O2

• H2O; C6H12O6; CO2; O2

• H2O; O2; CO2; C6H12O6

Satellites are widely used in many scientific studies. They allow large areas to be monitored easily. They can measure the spread of an ash plume, such as the one from Eyjafjallajokull’s 2010 eruption, as well as SO2 emissions. In SAR and thermal imaging can monitor large, scarcely populated areas where it would be too expensive to maintain instruments on the ground.

What type of geologist’s research would benefit most from using a satellite as described?

• a mining geologist

• a geochemist

• a mineralogist

• a volcanologist

Calcium phosphate is an important mineral that strengthens bones and teeth. What is the most likely outcome for an individual who does NOT receive enough calcium in his or her diet?

The Human Skeletal System

Humans are vertebrates, animals having a vertebral column or backbone. They rely on a sturdy internal frame that is centered on a prominent spine. The human skeletal system consists of bones, cartilage, ligaments and tendons and accounts for about 20 percent of the body weight.

The living bones in our bodies use oxygen and give off waste products in metabolism. They contain active tissues that consume nutrients, require a blood supply and change shape or remodel in response to variations in mechanical stress.

Bones provide a rigid framework, known as the skeleton, that support and protect the soft organs of the body. The skeleton supports the body against the pull of gravity. The large bones of the lower limbs support the trunk when standing. The skeleton also protects the soft body parts. The fused bones of the cranium surround the brain to make it less vulnerable to injury. Vertebrae surround and protect the spinal cord and bones of the rib cage help protect the heart and lungs of the thorax. Bones work together with muscles as simple mechanical lever systems to produce body movement.

Bones contain more calcium than any other organ. The intercellular matrix of bone contains large amounts of calcium salts, the most important being calcium phosphate. When blood calcium levels decrease below normal, calcium is released from the bones so that there will be an adequate supply for metabolic needs. When blood calcium levels are increased, the excess calcium is stored in the bone matrix. The dynamic process of releasing and storing calcium goes on almost continuously.

Hematopoiesis, the formation of blood cells, mostly takes place in the red marrow of the bones. In infants, red marrow is found in the bone cavities. With age, it is largely replaced by yellow marrow for fat storage. In adults, red marrow is limited to the spongy bone in the skull, ribs, sternum, clavicles, vertebrae and pelvis. Red marrow functions in the formation of red blood cells, white blood cells and blood platelets.

• Bone mass will increase

• Fat will be stored in yellow bone marrow

• Bones will weaken as calcium is released from bones into the bloodstream

• A. Bones will strengthen as calcium is stored in the bone matrix.

As stated in the passage, without recycling some rare metals may become unavailable in the future. If metal recycling increases to the point that most metal is recycled, which other impact would most likely be seen?

Mining

Mining is the extraction of valuable minerals or other geological materials from the earth. Mining is required to obtain any material that cannot be grown through agricultural processes or created artificially in a laboratory or factory. Ores recovered by mining include metals, coal, oil shale, gemstones, limestone, chalk, potash, gravel, and clay. Mining in a wider sense includes extraction of any non-renewable resource such as petroleum, natural gas, or even water.

Mining of stones and metal has been a human activity since pre-historic times. Modern mining processes involve prospecting for ore bodies, analysis of the profit potential of a proposed mine, extraction of the desired materials, and final reclamation of the land after the mine is closed.

Mining operations usually create a negative environmental impact, both during the mining activity and after the mine has closed. Hence, most of the world's nations have passed regulations to decrease the impact. Work safety has long been a concern as well, and modern practices have significantly improved safety in mines.

Levels of metals recycling are generally low. Unless future end-of-life recycling rates are stepped up, some rare metals may become unavailable for use in a variety of consumer products. Due to the low recycling rates, some landfills now contain higher concentrations of metal than mines themselves.

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mining

• higher gasoline prices

• less environmental damage

• lower cost for consumer goods

• All of the above

) What is the most likely reason that the marble reached a higher distance above ground in test #4 than in all of the other tests?

Marble on a String Experiment

• A. The student who released the marble may have pushed the marble toward point D, rather than simply releasing it.

• A. The student who released the marble may have released it from a height lower than 36 cm.

• A. The student who released the marble may have released it too soon.

• The student who released the marble may have waited too long to release the marble.

According to the passage, which blood glucose level would most likely trigger a release of glucagon from the pancreas?

Homeostatic Regulation of Blood Glucose

Homeostasis refers to an organism’s ability to maintain a nearly constant internal environment within a narrow range that supports life. Examples of homeostasis in humans and other mammals include regulation of: body temperature, blood pH, and concentrations of ions and glucose in the blood. These homeostatic mechanisms actively maintain a stable internal environment even while there are changes constantly taking place in the organism’s external environment.

One example of homeostasis in humans involves regulation of the blood glucose concentration. After a meal, glucose levels in the blood may rise above the normal set point of about 90 milligrams per 100 milliliters of blood plasma. Beta cells within the pancreas detect the rise in blood glucose and respond by secreting insulin into the bloodstream. The insulin acts as a signal to certain cells, mainly liver, fat, and muscle cells, to increase uptake of glucose. The increased uptake of glucose from the blood lowers the blood glucose level back to the normal set point. The glucose that has been taken up by cells will be used for energy or converted to glycogen, a storage polysaccharide.

If the level of blood glucose drops too low, such as between meals, pancreatic alpha cells are stimulated to secrete glucagon into the blood. Glucagon is a hormone that signals cells in the liver to convert glycogen to glucose, which is released back into the bloodstream to return the blood glucose level to the normal set point.

• 80 milligrams per 100 milliliters

• 90 milligrams per 100 milliliters

• 100 milligrams per 100 milliliters

• 110 milligrams per 100 milliliters

James hypothesizes that many different types of crust exist on the Earth’s surface.

How might James design an investigation to test this hypothesis?

The Layers of the Earth

The Earth is made up of four distinct and unique layers: crust, mantle, outer core, and inner core. The crust of the Earth is the outermost layer and is made of solid rock. The mantle is beneath the crust and is made of very hot, dense rock. At 1800 miles thick, the mantle of the earth is the largest of Earth’s four layers. Because it is so thick, it has a large variation in temperature. The outermost portion of the mantle (the part that is closest to the crust) has a temperature of 500 to 900 degrees Celsius. The interior of the mantle (the part closest to the outer core) reaches more than 4000 degrees Celsius. At this temperature, some of the rocks melt, creating a semi-molten rock called magma.

• James could collect, analyze, and compare crust samples from the Earth to mantle samples taken from inside of the Earth.

• James could collect, analyze, and compare crust samples from the ocean floor to samples taken from land areas across the Earth.

• James could collect and analyze crust samples from the Earth and compare them to crust samples collected from the moon.

• James could collect and analyze crust samples from the Earth and compare them to crust samples collected from the moon.

Which of the following statements is best supported by the data in the graphs?

Baird Mountain Dall Sheep: Number of Rams vs. Number of Ewes

• A. The average number of ewes is less than the average number of rams.

• A. The average number of ewes is more than double the average number of rams.

• A. The average number of rams is equivalent to the average number of ewes.

• A. The average number of rams is more than double the average number of ewes.

The law of conservation of mass states that matter cannot be created or destroyed. During the course of a reaction, the amount of an element present does NOT change. This means that for a chemical equation to be balanced, the total number of atoms of each element has to be the same on both sides of the equation.

Balance the given equation by choosing the correct coefficient for Cl2.

2 Na + ____ Cl2 → 2NaCl

• 1

• 2

• 3

• 4