Earth Science Chapter 8 - Earthquakes and Earth's Interior

What is a fault?

• a. a place on Earth where earthquakes cannot occur

• b. a fracture in Earth where movement has occurred

• c. the place on Earth’s surface where structures move during an earthquake

• d. another name for an earthquake

A travel-time graph can be used to find the

• a. focus of an earthquake.

• b. strength of an earthquake.

• c. damage caused by an earthquake.

• d. epicenter of an earthquake.

The moment magnitude is calculated using all of the following factors EXCEPT for the

• a. surface area of a fault.

• b. magnitude of past earthquakes in the area.

• c. average displacement along a fault.

• d. rigidity of rock in the area.

A tsunami can occur when there is vertical movement at a fault under

• a. a mountain range.

• b. the San Andreas Fault.

• c. the ocean floor.

• d. a small inland lake.

Violent shaking from an earthquake can cause soil and rock on slopes to move and cause a

• a. fault.

• b. landslide.

• c. tsunami.

• d. sinkhole.

Earth’s thin, rocky outer layer is its

• a. core.

• b. mantle.

• c. crust.

• d. outer core.

What is the Moho?

• a. the boundary between the outer and inner core

• b. the boundary between the crust and the mantle

• c. the material of which the mantle is composed

• d. an area of the mantle that will not transmit seismic waves

Most earthquake's are produced by the rapid release of which kind of energy stored in rock subjected to great forces?

• kinetic

• thermal

• elastic

• mechanical

A seismogram shows that P waves travel

• at the same speed as surface waves

• more slowly than S waves

• at the same speed as S waves

• faster than S waves

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of S waves?

• They travel more slowly than P waves.

• They are also called longitudinal waves.

• They shake particles at right angles to their direction of travel.

• They cannot be transmitted through water or air.