2020 Marine Ecology Unit 3 Test

What are the vast majority of nekton species?

• zooplankton

• fish

• crustaceans

• sea urchin

In the attached image, which organism is the top consumer?

• Sea Urchins

• Sharks

• Kelp and other algae

• Large Crabs

In the attached image, which organisms are producers?

• Kelp and other algae

• Microscopic planktonic algae

• Zooplankton

• Both A, kelp and other algae and B, microscopic planktonic algae

What percent of primary production comes from phytoplankton?

• 2%

• 40%

• 75%

• 98%

Factors that influence populations regardless of their size

• Density Dependent

• Density Independent

Which characteristic is NOT a trait of marine mammals?

• All marine mammals have hair.

• All mammals are ectotherms, or

  cold-blooded.

• All mammals secrete milk from their

  mammary glands to nourish their newborn.

• All marine mammals are viviparous, the

  embryo receives nutrients and oxygen through the placenta.

True or False: Sea Lions have external ears. They also can move their rear flippers forward, so they can use all four limbs to walk or run on land.

• True

• False

Which marine mammal lacks a layer of blubber to insulate them from the cold ocean water.

• Walruses

• Manatees

• Sea Otters

• Porpoises

True of False: The nostrils of Cetaceans (whales, dolphins, and porpoises) differ from those of other mammals. Rather than being on the front of the head, their nostrils are on top, forming an opening called a blowhole.

• True

• False

What are some of the adaptations marine mammals have acquired to enable them to take long, deep dives without breathing?

• When they dive, their heart rate slows dramatically.

• Their blood contains a higher concentration of red blood cells, and those cells carry more hemoglobin.

• Their muscles are extra rich in myoglobin, which means the muscles can store a lot of oxygen.

• When they dive, blood flow to non-essential parts of the body is reduced.

• All responses enable marine mammals to take long, deep dives without breathing.