12 PDHPE: Stages of skill acquisition

During which stage of skill acquisition is anticipation initially learned?

• Associative

• Autonomous

• Cognitive

• Developmental

Which of the following is a feature of the associative stage of skill acquisition?

• Focusing on strategic play

• Understanding the processes related to the skill

• Sequencing and performing the skill instinctively

• Experiencing repeated success with a decreasing number of errors

What is most evident when athletes have achieved the autonomous stage of skill acquisition?

• They improve performance through distributed practice

• They fluently perform skills and tactics learnt in practice

• They require concurrent feedback when performing serial skills

• They complete serial skills successfully with coaching instruction

The table shows the progression of a basketballer learning to do layups.

At which stage of skill acquisition is the basketballer?

• Learner moving towards associative

• Cognitive moving towards associative

• Cognitive moving towards autonomous

• Associative moving towards autonomous

Which stage of learning is characterised by the following: many errors, heavy reliance on external feedback, focus on small parts of a skill

• Cognitive

• Associative

• Autonomous

Which stage of learning is characterised by the following: decreasing number of errors, development of kinaesthetic sense, sequencing of skills begins

• Cognitive

• Associative

• Autonomous

Which stage of learning is characterised by the following: few errors, kinaesthetic sense and internal feedback is dominant, athlete performs skills "automatically" and so can focus on things like tactics, opposition, etc.

• Cognitive

• Associative

• Autonomous

An athlete makes many mistakes and relies on encouragement from their coach to continue trying. Which stage of skill acquisition are they in?

• Cognitive

• Associative

• Autonomous

An athlete begins sequencing skills and detesting their own errors. Which stage of skill acquisition are they in?

• Cognitive

• Associative

• Autonomous

An athlete relies heavily on their kinaesthetic sense and knowledge of the skill for feedback on their skill performance. Which stage of skill acquisition are they most likely in?

• Cognitive

• Associative

• Autonomous