Logical Fallacies

An argument that assumes the truth of what it is trying to prove.

• hasty generalization / over generalization

• circular reasoning

• straw man argument

• ad hominem

An argument that wrongly assumes there are only two possible positions.

• false dichotomy/ Black and white fallacy

• false causation

• appeal to nature

• hasty generalization/ over generalization

Drawing a conclusion based on a small sample size; a broad claim based on limited evidence.

• non sequitur

• false causation

• red herring

• hasty generalization / over generalization

"The Cardinals are the best football team because they're better than all the other teams."

• hasty generalization / over generalization

• circular reasoning

• straw man argument

• ad hominem

"Four out of five dentists recommend Happy Glossy toothpaste. Therefore, it must be great."

• non sequitur

• false causation

• red herring

• hasty generalization / over generalization

"To get better schools, we have to raise taxes. If we don't, we can't have better schools."

• false dichotomy / Black and white fallacy

• false causation

• appeal to nature

• hasty generalization / over generalization

An argument that wrongly assumes there are only two possible positions.

• false dichotomy / Black and white fallacy

• false causation

• appeal to nature

• hasty generalization / over generalization

"The Cardinals are the best football team because they're better than all the other teams."

• hasty generalization / over generalization

• circular reasoning

• straw man argument

• ad hominem

Why is this a logical fallacy?

• It only gives you two choices.
• It attacks Taylor Swift.
• It stereotypes singers.
• It says Taylor Swift is an expert on soda when she's a singer.

You visit a new country and the first person you meet in the airport is rude. You send a message to a friend back home that everyone in this new country is rude.

• hasty generalization / over generalization

• bad analogy

• false cause

• loaded language