Land-Based Empires Review

Which of the following was a common result of the Protestant Reformation and the Counter-Reformation?

• Rulers in Europe became less interested in overseas conquests because of religious problems at home

• Catholicism was limited to countries that were located close to Rome

• Religion in European colonies tended to follow the religion of the home country

• Christianity declined in Europe as Judaism, Islam, and Buddhism gained new converts.

What were the two main opposing forms of government that played roles in state consolidation and expansion of empire in Western Europe 1450-1750?

• Mercantilism and capitalism

• Lollardism and Puritanism

• Direct democracy and military dictatorships

• Constitutionalism and absolutism

Which of the following was a result of the Thirty Years' War?

• William and Mary took over as rulers of England

• Spain gained control of the Netherlands

• Protestants lost power throughout Europe

• The Holy Roman Empire became weaker

Which of the following was supported by a policy of religious toleration in the Netherlands during this period?

• The central government was strengthened

• The landowning nobility increased their wealth

• The commercial class grew stronger

• Peasants revolted against feudal landlords

Which of the following statements best explains why Russian rulers established the Russian Orthodox Church?

• To maintain closer relations with Western Europe

• To adopt the religion of most Russian peasants and nobles

• To unify Russians under the belief that the tsar ruled by divine right

• To maintain closer relations with the Orthodox Church of the Byzantine Empire

Which of the following accurately describes the condition of serfs in Russia before the nineteenth century?

• Most gained middle-class status by paying off their debts

• Most were freed and given lands neighboring those of their lords

• Most were tied to the land and could not move about freely

• The gained new constitutional rights through successful peasant revolts

The eighteenth-century French writer Voltaire wrote, "The sovereigns of Russia possessed the most extensive dominions in the world, and everything was yet to be done." By the phrase "everything was yet to be done," Voltaire probably meant that Russia

• Needed to collect much higher taxes in order to pay its bills

• Needed reforms of government and society like those of Western Europe

• Had a long way to go to achieve the goals of the Slavophiles

• Needed a stronger military force

For what reason did Tsar Ivan III engage in the following three activities?

• Refusing to pay tribute to the Mongols
• Taking the title of Tsar, from the word Caesar
• Marrying the niece of the last Byzantine emperor

• To improve Russia's relations with the Byzantine Empire

• To share power with the Mongols and the Russian nobles

• To throw off Mongol rule and legitimize his own power

• To force the Mongols into a war with the Byzantine Empire

Which statement best summarizes the religious situation in Mughal India following the rule of Akbar?

• Akbar's syncretic religion remained popular with the people as an alternative to either Hinduism or Islam

• Islamic influence slowly left the region

• Hinduism and Islam continued to coexist uneasily in the area

• Islam in the area was weakened by the fighting between Sunnis and Shias

Which of the following descriptions comparing the Ottoman devshirme system with the Mughal zamindar system is accurate?

• Both systems relied exclusively on officials who inherited their positions

• Both systems represented ways for central governments to recruit local and regional officials

• Both systems depended upon the spoils of war to support the officials

• Both systems included recruitment for the military as well as for local government officials