Evolution of Populations

In the HW Equation, the variable that represents frequency of heterozygous genotype is

• p

• q

• p²

• 2pq

• q²

In the HW Equation, the variable that represents frequency of homozygous recessive individuals is

• p

• q

• p²

• 2pq

• q²

In the HW Equation, the variable that represents frequency of dominant alelle is

• p

• q

• p²

• 2pq

• q²

What frequency does p² + 2pq represent based on HW equation?

• frequency of individuals with dominant trait

• frequency of individuals with recessive trait

• frequency of dominant allele

• frequency of recessive allele

Which of the following processes is least likely to increase genetic variation?

• crossing over

• mutation

• long generation times

• rapid reproduction

A coconut from Island A is carried across the ocean along its currents to Island B where it grows a new, novel population. This is an example of

• founder effect

• gene flow

• mutation

• natural selection

• random mating

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a bacterium that causes infections in different parts of the body. It's tougher to treat than most strains of Staphylococcus aureus -- or staph -- because it's resistant to some commonly used antibiotics. MRSA is an example of

• founder effect

• gene flow

• natural selection

• population bottleneck

• random mating

By far the greatest threats to Florida panthers are habitat loss, fragmentation and degradation — all driven by Florida's burgeoning human population and the developments and highways that accommodate it. Without room to roam, male Florida panthers clash, often with fatal consequences; with its restricted size and absolute isolation, the panther population remains particularly vulnerable to fatal diseases and parasites. This is an example of

• founder effect

• genetic drift

• gene flow

• natural selection

• random mating

The size of chickens bred and mass produced by farmers has increased drastically as human consumption of chicken meat has increased, as shown in the illustration. This is an example of

• stabilizing selection

• disruptive selection

• directional selection

• artificial selection

The birth weights of human babies lie in the range of 3-4kg (6.6-8.8 pounds). Babies who are much smaller or much larger suffer higher rates of mortality as shown in the data table. This is an example of

• stabilizing selection

• disruptive selection

• directional selection

• artificial selection