5.4 cladistics

This is a method of classifying organisms into groups of species called clades.

• Phylogeny

• Cladistics

• Animalistics

Tree diagrams where each branch point represents the splitting of two new groups from a common ancestor is called:

• Polygenetic tree

• Cladogram

• Tree branch

• Branching tree

The fewer the number of nodes between two groups of organisms, the more ___________ related they are expected to be.

• closely

• distantly

Humans, chimpanzees, gorillas, orangutans and gibbons all belong to this clade.

• Humanoids

• Holograms

• Anthropoids

• Hominoids

The initial ancestor common to all organisms within the cladogram.

• Root

• Node

• Outgroup

• Clade

Placement where two organisms split in a cladogram.

• Root

• Node

• Outgroup

• Clade

A common ancestor and all of its descendants are found in their own ________, showing that they are closely related.

• Root

• Node

• Outgroup

• Clade

The more similar the base sequence in an organism's DNA, the more _______________ related the two species are expected to be to each other.

• closely

• distantly

This is the independent evolution of similar features in a species with distinct lineages.

• Convergent evolution

• Divergent evolution

• Radioactive evolution

• Jones evolution

Which of the following is an example of convergent evolution? Check all that apply.

• Wings in birds and wings in bats

• Fins in sharks and fins in whales

• Jumping mechanism in kangaroos and swimming abilities in whales

• Hairs in foxes and hollow bones in birds