Environmental emergencies

4.A woman has frostbite in both feet after walking several miles in a frozen field. Her feet are white, hard, and cold to the touch. Treatment at the scene should include:

• rubbing her feet gently with your own warm hands.

• trying to restore circulation by helping her to walk around.

• removing her wet clothing and rubbing her feet briskly with a warm, wet cloth.

• removing her wet clothing and covering her feet with dry, sterile dressings.

You are assessing a 27-year-old woman with a heat-related emergency. Her skin is flushed, hot, and moist, and her level of consciousness is decreased. After moving her to a cool environment, managing her airway, and administering oxygen, you should:

• give her ice water to drink.

• place her in the recovery position.

• cover her with wet sheets and fan her.

• take her temperature with an axillary probe.

A 13-year-old girl is found floating face down in a swimming pool. Witnesses tell you that the girl had been practicing diving. After you and your partner safely enter the water, you should:

• turn her head to the side and give five back slaps.

• turn her head to the side and begin rescue breathing.

• rotate her entire body as a unit and carefully remove her from the pool.

• rotate the entire upper half of her body as a unit, supporting her head and neck

All of the following terms refer to a body part that is cold but not frozen, EXCEPT:

• frostnip.

• frostbite.

• trench foot.

• immersion foot

Which of the following MOST accurately describes hyperthermia?

• The core body temperature exceeds 99.5°F (37°C).

• The body is exposed to more heat than it can lose

• Heat evaporates a significant amount of body water.

• The body eliminates more heat than it can generate.

The venom of a black widow spider is toxic to the:

• The venom of a black widow spider is toxic to the:

• nervous system.

• respiratory system.

• cardiovascular system.

The body's natural protective mechanisms against heat loss are:

• shivering and vasodilation.

• vasodilation and respiration.

• respiration and vasoconstriction.

• vasoconstriction and shivering.

High air temperature reduces the body's ability to lose heat by:

• radiation.

• convection.

• conduction.

• evaporation.

In order for sweating to be an effective cooling mechanism:

• several layers of clothing must be worn.

• it must be able to evaporate from the body.

• the relative humidity must be above 90%.

• the body must produce at least 1 L per hour.

Signs and symptoms of severe systemic hypothermia include all of the following, EXCEPT:

• weak pulse.

• coma.

• shivering.

• very slow respirations.