Ionic and Covalent Bonds

What are valence electrons?

• Electrons on the outermost ring (or shell) of an atom

• The electrons that have a positive charge

• Electrons on the ring (or shell) closest to the nucleus

• Electrons that are found in the nucleus

Why are valence electrons important?

• These electrons provide a positive charge to the atom

• These electrons give weight to the atom

• These electrons give identity to the atom - it tells you what atom you're looking at

• These electrons are the ones that create chemical bonds

How many valence electrons does an atom of Boron (B) have?

• 3

• 5

• 11

• 13

With the exception of Hydrogen and Helium, how many valence electrons do elements need in order to become stable or "happy"?

• 2

• 8

• 10

• 16

How many valence electrons do Hydrogen and Helium need to be stable and "happy"?

• 1

• 2

• 8

• 10

Which of the following are TRUE about covalent bonds?

• Bond together metal and nonmetal elements

• Bond together multiple nonmetal elements

• Two atoms share electrons to create a bond

• One atom will steal an electron from another atom

Which of the following elements are nonmetals?

• Sulfur (S)

• Iron (Fe)

• Hydrogen (H)

• Gold (Au)

Which of the following molecules has covalent bonds in it?

• H₂O (water)

• CH₄ (methane)

• NaCl (salt)

• CaO (calcium oxide)

Which of the following are TRUE about ionic bonds?

• Bond together metal and nonmetal elements

• Bond together multiple nonmetal elements

• Two atoms share electrons to create a bond

• One atom will steal an electron from another atom

If an atom loses an electron, it will...

• become positively charged

• become negatively charged

• remain neutral

• increase its mass