Cognition

Advertisers know that a thirty-three percent discount sounds like a better deal than a discount of one third.  This best illustrates:

• framing.
• belief bias.
• representativeness heuristics.
• confirmation bias.

Maintaining one's conceptions even after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited is known as: 

• the representativeness heuristic.
• belief perseverance.
• confirmation bias.
• functional fixedness.

Using different words for two very similar objects enables people to recognize conceptual distinctions between the objects. This illustrates: 

• telegraphic speech.
• linguistic determinism.
• functional fixedness.
• the representativeness heuristic.

Noam Chomsky’s theory of language acquisition holds that people have an inborn universal grammar that makes learning of language easy for children.  Which of the following statements is used as support for this theory?

• Children repeat words that they hear frequently.
• Regardless of the language learned, children tend to make similar errors of grammar when they first begin to learn language.
• Chimpanzees and other apes can easily learn language.
• Some children’s vocabularies are extensive, despite the fact that they may live in poor environments

To find Tabasco sauce in a large grocery store, you could systematically search every shelf in every store aisle. This best illustrates problem solving by means of: 

• the availability heuristic.
• functional fixedness.
• an algorithm.
• the representativeness heuristic.

Any system that encodes, stores and retrieves information

• Chunking
• Memory
• Sensory experience
• Rehearsal

Organizing pieces of info into smaller units.

• Rehearsal
• Chunking
• Perserverance
• Encoding

Retention of encoded material over time.

• Encoding
• Storage
• Rehearsal
• Retrieval

Location and recovery of info from memory

• Encoding
• Storage
• Rehearsal
• Retrieval

Has unlimited storage capacity

• Working memory
• Short-term memory
• Sensory memory
• Long-term memory