Metabolism and Enzymes

Involve synthesis of larger molecules from smaller ones.

• Catabolic Reactions

• Anabolic Reactions

• Metabolic Reactions

• Hydrolytic Reactions

Reactions where hydrogen ions are most often lost.

• Dehydrogenation reactions

• Hydrogenation reactions

• Oxidation reactions

• Reduction reactions

Glucose metabolism

• A study of protein synthesis

• A study of lipid metabolism

• A study of carbohydrate metabolism

• A study of nucleic acid metabolism

Two pyruvic acid molecules, two NADH + H^+ molecules (reduced NAD^+), and a net gain of two ATP molecules.

• Final products of glycolysis

• Intermediate products of the Krebs cycle

• Byproducts of fermentation

• Reactants of cellular respiration

How many ATP molecules are needed to start glycolysis?

• 1 ATP molecule

• 2 ATP molecules

• 3 ATP molecules

• 4 ATP molecules

A process where movement of substances across a membrane is coupled to chemical reactions.

• Osmosis

• Diffusion

• Chemiosmotic process

• Active transport

Redox reactions.

• Oxidation-reduction reactions are also known as redox reactions.

• Redox reactions involve only oxidation processes.

• Redox reactions do not involve electron transfer.

• Redox reactions are only applicable in organic chemistry.

Refers to all chemical reactions necessary to maintain life. Involves breaking down food fuels to produce ATP.

• Metabolism

• Photosynthesis

• Respiration

• Digestion

Sugar activation: Two ATP molecules activate glucose, changing it into fructose-1, 6-diphosphate.

• Phase 1 of Glycolysis

• Phase 2 of Glycolysis

• Phase 3 of Glycolysis

• Phase 4 of Glycolysis

They carry out oxidative phosphorylation in the cristae of mitochondria.

• Role of electron transport proteins in mitochondria.

• Function of ATP synthase in the cytoplasm.

• Process of glycolysis in the cytoplasm.

• Function of ribosomes in protein synthesis.