Kepler's first law states that the orbits of the planets are oval in shape or 

• ellipses
• perfect circles

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NGSS.HS-ESS1-4

Kepler's 2nd Law deals with 

• the shape of the planets' orbits
• the speed/area the planet travels 
• the length of time it takes the planet to orbit the sun

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NGSS.HS-ESS1-4

Planets orbit the Sun in a shape called a(n)

• circle
• ellipse
• focus
• perihelion

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NGSS.HS-ESS1-4

Where is the planet moving faster

• Position A to B
• Position B to C
• Position H to I
• Position I to J

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NGSS.HS-ESS1-4

What is true about the area between points A, B and the Sun, and the area between points H, I and the Sun?

• The area between A, B and the Sun is the largest.
• The area between H, I and the Sun is the largest
• Both areas are equal in size
• There is not enough information to determine the areas

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NGSS.HS-ESS1-4

According to Kepler's 3rd law, the square of the time it takes for an object to orbit, T, is directly related to the cube of the distance, r, between the object and what it is orbiting.            

•  T³ = k*r²
• T² = k*r³
• T³ = k/r²
• T² = k/r³

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NGSS.HS-ESS1-4

According to Kepler's 3rd law, the square of the time it takes for an object to orbit, T, is directly related to the cube of the distance, r, between the object and what it is orbiting.    
What this means is that if a satellite moves away from what it is orbiting,

• the larger the constant k is.
• the smaller the constant k is.
• the longer the orbital period is.
• the shorter the orbital period is.

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NGSS.HS-ESS1-4

The speed at which any planet moves through space is constantly changing. In a perfectly circular orbit, the orbital radius of the planet would be constant and therefore so would be its observed angular velocity. In elliptical orbits, the velocity varies. In elliptical orbits, the orbital radius of the satellite will vary and therefore so will its velocity. The planet travels "faster" when closer to the Sun, then "slower"  at a more distant radius.   According to Newton's 2nd Law, what is the underlying force behind this change in velocity?

• Friction
• Gravity
• Mass
• Projectile motion 

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NGSS.HS-ESS1-4

NGSS.HS-PS2-1

NGSS.HS-PS2-4

Kepler’s 3rd law states the square of the orbital period is proportional to the cube of the orbital radius. (T²=r³)

If a planet's orbital radius is doubled, what happens to the length of a year on that planet?

• It will become twice as long
• It will become about 8 times as long
• It will become 2.8 times as long
• It will remain the same

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NGSS.HS-ESS1-4

Kepler’s first law states that planets travel in a(n)  orbit.

• Circular
• Spherical
• Elliptical
• Triangular