Tunnel design philosophy

Soft ground tunnels are

• deals with weak rock formation

• at cover depth of 2 times diameter

• usually use Tunnel Boring Machine

• all of them

Tunnel is four dimensional problem (ie., arch pressure, face pressure, transverse/longitudinal pressure and ___________)

Design of tunnel lining is not a structural problem, but a ground-structure interaction problem, with the emphasis on the _____________

Tunnel-soil finds equilibrium and reach stability

• via allowable movement of tunnel joints

• soil redistribution

• tunnel distortion (bulge in and out in the same time)

• experience compression and tension in same time

• all of them

Tunnels only bear compression form earth load

• TRUE

• FALSE

Safety features in tunnel is important such as follows EXCEPT

• to provide railing

• lighting

• CCTV

Top part of tunnel (in circular shape tunnel is called as) ______

• invert

• crown

• springline

• wall

In general, there are four phases to complete a tunnel design project

• Feasibility study; Comparable study; Design

• Feasibility study, Comparable study; Design; M&E & Architectural

• Feasibility study; Comparable study & Design; Constructions; Mechanical & Electrical & Architectural

Transverse surface settlement is induced ground movement due to tunnel at

• cross section tunnel's excavation

• longitudinal tunnel's excavation

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