Formation of Modern Europe

The 19th century political unifications of both Italy and Germany were accomplished in large part through

• Russian intervention

• Loans provided by Great Britain

• Warfare

• French intervention

• International conferences of the major powers

The changes shown on the maps contributed most directly to

• The destabilization of the European balance of power

• The dissolution of Austria-Hungary

• The modernization of the Russian Empire

• The greater integration of Eastern Europe into the global trade system

In the period 1815-1914, which of the following regions of Europe experienced political developments that most strongly contrasted with those shown on the maps? (a)  

• Spain
• The British Isles
• France
• The Italian peninsula

The Prussian victory over Austria in 1866 resulted in

• Intensified efforts by the British to defeat the Prussian army

• The greater involvement of Austria in German political affairs

• The consolidation of Prussian authority among the North German states

• Popular uprisings in Austria against Prussian interference

• An alliance between Russia and the Ottoman Empire against Austria

On which of the following did Cavour and Garibaldi agree

• Italy should be independent of foreign control

• Italian unity should be achieved only through revolution

• The Pope should lead any new Italian state

• Foreign assistance was necessary to drive Austria from Italy

In the 2nd half of the 19th century, the balance of power in Europe was greatly changed by

• The rapid increase of the French population

• Britain’s decision to concentrate on empire building in Africa and Asia

• Austria’s interest in the Balkans

• The unifications of Germany and Italy

• The emergence of an Ottoman threat to Eastern Europe

The Franco-Prussian War was necessary for Germany to

• Prevent Austria from attacking Prussia

• Force the south German states to join in the fight for unification

• Crush the Paris Commune

• Appease the liberal opposition in the Reichstag

• Ensure that French troops could not come into Germany

During the Crimean War

• Russia fought with the Turks against France because of French intervention in the Balkans

• Britain supported the Russians and the French supported the Ottoman Empire

• Both France and Britain supported the Ottoman Empire against the Russians

• Both France and Britain supported the Russians against the Ottoman Empire

Which of the following best explains the motives of Prime Minister Cavour for involving Piedmont-Sardinia in the Crimean War?

• to test out Piedmont's new military technologies

• to block Russian expansion in the Balkans

• to rally other Italian states for unity

• to gain the support of a great power

• to undermine revolutionary movements at home

All of the following were employed by Bismarck in the unification of Germany EXCEPT

• waging war against Austria to drive it out of German affairs

• collecting taxes for army reform without the Reichstag's approval

• annexing German states to Prussia to form the North German Confederation

• supporting the Polish rebellion against Russia to advance nationalism

• goading France into war by editing the Ems Dispatch