AP Stats Quiz Bowl - Experimental Design

Exp Design #1: Each of the 30 major league baseball teams carries a 40-person roster. A sample of 60 players (5 percent of all 1,200 players) is to be randomly selected to undergo drug tests. To do this, each team is instructed to put their 40 names in a hat and randomly draw two names. Will this method result in a simple random sample of the 1,200 baseball players?

• Yes, because each player has the same chance of being selected.

• Yes, because each team is equally represented.

• Yes, because this is an example of stratified sampling, which is a special case of simple random sampling.

• No, because teams are not chosen randomly.

• No, because not each group of 60 players has the same chance of being selected.

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Exp Design #2: An advantage to using surveys as opposed to experiments is that...

• surveys are generally cheaper to conduct.

• it is generally easier to conclude cause and effect from surveys.

• surveys are generally not subject to bias.

• surveys involve use of randomization

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Exp Design #3: A company wishes to survey what people think about a new product it plans to market. They decide to randomly sample from their customer database as this includes phone numbers and addresses. This procedure is an example of which type of sampling?

• Cluster

• Convenience

• Simple Random

• Stratified

• Systematic

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Exp Design #4: Two studies are run to compare the experiences of low-income families receiving food stamps to those receiving cash subsidies. The first study interviews 50 families who have been in each government program for at least 2 years, while the second randomly assigns 50 families to each program and interviews them after 2 years. Which of the following is a true statement?

• Both studies are observational studies because of the time period involved.

• Both studies are observational studies because there are no control groups.

• The first study is an observational study; the second is an experiement.

• The first study is an experiment; the second is an observational study.

• Both studies are experiments, because in each, families are receiving treatments (food stamps or cash).

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Exp Design #6: In a study of Parkinson's disease, 100 volunteers had incisions made through their skulls. The patients were randomly sorted into two groups, one of which had a new drug inserted into the brain. In the other group, the skills were closed with no treatment given. The patients did not know who received the drug. In the weeks to follow, all 100 volunteers showed similar improvement in physical condition. What is this an example of?

• The effect of a treatment unit.

• The placebo effect.

• The control group effect.

• Sampling error.

• Voluntary response bias.

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Exp Design #8: Which of the following is most useful in establishing cause-and-effect relationships?

• A complete census

• A least squares regression line showing high correlation

• A simple random sample (SRS)

• A well-designed, well-conducted survey incorporating chance to ensure a representative sample

• A controlled experiment

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Exp Design #17: To find out a town's average family size, a researcher interviews a random sample of parents arriving at a pediatrician's office. The average family size in the final 100-family sample is 3.48. Is this estimate probably too low or too high?

• Too low because of undercoverage bias

• Too low because convenience samples underestimate average results

• Too high because of undercoverage bias

• Too high because convenience samples overestimate average results

• Too high because voluntary response samples overestimate average results

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Exp Design #20: What is bias in conducting surveys?

• An example of sampling error

• Lack of a control group

• Confounding variables

• Difficulty in concluding cause and effect

• A tendency to favor the selection of certain members of a population.

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Exp Design #24: Before taking an exam, students either went to bed at their normal times or were sleep deprived for 4 or 8 hours. Half of each group were given a caffeine pill before taking the exam. Determine the number of factors, levels for each, and number of treatments.

• One factor with two levels, five treatments

• Two factors, one with one and one with two levels, three treatments

• Two factors, one with two and one with three levels, five treatments

• Two factors, one with two and one with three levels, six treatments

• Three factors, each with two levels, six treatments

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Exp Design #26: A television network conducts a weekly survey to determine the proportion of viewers who watch various programs. For the coming year, they decide to double the sample size. The main benefit to this is to

• reduce undercoverage bias

• reduce nonresponse bias

• eliminate sampling error

• decrease population variability

• decrease the standard deviation of the sampling distribution

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