SURVEYING - SEMESTER 04 - 03

The laws of accidental errors follow which of the following principle?

•   Normal equation
• Probability law
• Laws of weight
• Most probable value

Which of the following does not indicate the feature in laws of accidental errors?

• Negligible errors
• Small errors
• Large errors
• Positive errors

Most probable value is equal to which of the following?

• Differentiation
• Summation
• Arithmetic mean
• Normal equation

Probability curve describes about_______________

• Normal equation
• Frequency of errors
• Probability curve
• Probability equation

The principle of least squares can be formed from___________

• Probability equation
• Normal equation
• Celestial equation
• Observed equation

In the principle of least squares, residual error will be__________

• Maximum
• Minimum
• Negligible
• Nor error occurs

Which of the following indicates the formula of arithmetic mean?

• ∑V * n
• ∑V – n
• ∑V + n
• ∑V / n

Which of the following indicates the fundamental of least squares?

• arithmetic mean should be maximized
• arithmetic mean should be zero
• arithmetic mean should be neutralized
• arithmetic mean should be minimized

In the process of least squares, sum of residuals must be equal to zero.

• true
• false

When number of observations is large, the arithmetic mean will be equal to true value.

• true
• false