Thinking

If I meet two students from your school and they are brilliant psychology students, I may then conclude that your school must have an amazing psychology program. This conclusion follows a simple “rule of thumb” or a mental short-cut called a

• stereotype

• participant bias

• matching bias

• heuristic

Our mental image that best represents a category is called a...

• Insight

• Heuristic

• Prototype

• Algorithm

• Retrieval

Which type of problem solving technique is methodical, logical, and will always lead to a correct answer if there is one?

• Heuristic

• Insight

• Algorithm

• Convergent Thinking

• Divergent Thinking

Which type of problem solving strategy allows us to make an estimate on the likelihood of events based on how much that event matches a prototype?

• Intuition

• Insight

• Availability Heuristic

• Representativeness Heuristic

• Algorithm

What is our tendency to think we know or can perform better or more accurately than we really can?

• Confirmation Bias

• Overconfidence

• Intuition

• Insight

• Algorithm

A chess-playing computer program that routinely calculates all possible outcomes of all possible game moves best illustrates problem solving by means of

• the availability heuristic.

• belief perseverance.

• an algorithm.

• the representativeness heuristic.

• fixation.

In trying to solve a potentially complicated problem quickly, we are most likely to rely on

• prototypes.

• heuristics.

• phonemes.

• algorithms.

• framing.

The tendency to conclude that a person who likes to read poetry is more likely to be a college professor of classics than a truck driver illustrates the use of

• the availability heuristic.

• confirmation bias.

• the framing effect.

• belief perseverance.

• the representativeness heuristic.

Pablo vainly searches for a screwdriver while failing to recognize that a readily available coin in his pocket would turn the screw. His oversight best illustrates: 

• functional fixedness.
• the availability heuristic.
• belief perseverance.
• the representativeness heuristic.

A defense attorney emphasizes to a jury that her client works full-time, supports his family, and enjoys leisure-time hobbies. Although none of this information is relevant to the trial, it is designed to make the defendant appear to be a typical member of the local community. The lawyer is most clearly attempting to take advantage 

• confirmation bias.
• functional fixedness.
• belief perseverance.
• the representativeness heuristic.