Reading and Writing Skills DIAGNOSTIC TEST

Many species of birds migrate long distances. In the Northern Hemisphere, birds fly north as the weather becomes warm in the spring and south when the weather grows cool in the fall. Some migratory birds are called diurnal migrants because they migrate during the day when the sun heats the air. The warm air rises, creating a lift that helps these birds fly at higher altitudes. Predators such as hawks and eagles hunt other animals for their food and are diurnal migrants. By contrast, most song birds such as warblers and sparrows are called nocturnal migrants because they migrate at night to evade these predators. Some nocturnal migrants fly long distances before landing in the morning to forage for insects, fruit, or seeds in order to refuel for their next flight. Foraging birds may feed in an area for up to a week before setting off again under the cover of darkness.

The text aims to…

• identify two species of song birds

• describe migrating behaviors of birds

• explain why some birds migrate at night

• inform about how to protect migratory birds

Many species of birds migrate long distances. In the Northern Hemisphere, birds fly north as the weather becomes warm in the spring and south when the weather grows cool in the fall. Some migratory birds are called diurnal migrants because they migrate during the day when the sun heats the air. The warm air rises, creating a lift that helps these birds fly at higher altitudes. Predators such as hawks and eagles hunt other animals for their food and are diurnal migrants. By contrast, most song birds such as warblers and sparrows are called nocturnal migrants because they migrate at night to evade these predators. Some nocturnal migrants fly long distances before landing in the morning to forage for insects, fruit, or seeds in order to refuel for their next flight. Foraging birds may feed in an area for up to a week before setting off again under the cover of darkness.

One reason song birds migrate at night is…

• to avoid predators

• to escape the hot sun

• to take advantage of rising air

• to navigate using the stars

The way we use banks is currently changing.¹ This is partly because of the introduction of new technology in the last ten years. ² The personal computer and the internet, for instance, allow customers to view their accounts at home and perform operations such as moving money between accounts. ³ At the same time banks are being reorganized in ways that affect both customers and staff. ⁴ In recent years many bank branches have closed in the Philippines. ⁵ The banks have discovered that staffing call centers is cheaper than running a branch network. ⁶ Modern banking has truly become different from past practices.⁷

The main topic can be found in…

• Sentence 1

• Sentence 3

• Sentence 4

• Sentence 5

The way we use banks is currently changing.¹ This is partly because of the introduction of new technology in the last ten years. ² The personal computer and the internet, for instance, allow customers to view their accounts at home and perform operations such as moving money between accounts. ³ At the same time banks are being reorganized in ways that affect both customers and staff. ⁴ In recent years many bank branches have closed in the Philippines. ⁵ The banks have discovered that staffing call centers is cheaper than running a branch network. ⁶ Modern banking has truly become different from past practices.⁷

The main idea is developed using all of the following, EXCEPT…

• restatement

• examples

• reasons

• definition

The way we use banks is currently changing.¹ This is partly because of the introduction of new technology in the last ten years. ² The personal computer and the internet, for instance, allow customers to view their accounts at home and perform operations such as moving money between accounts. ³ At the same time banks are being reorganized in ways that affect both customers and staff. ⁴ In recent years many bank branches have closed in the Philippines. ⁵ The banks have discovered that staffing call centers is cheaper than running a branch network. ⁶ Modern banking has truly become different from past practices.⁷

Sentence 7 is a...

• restatement

• examples

• reasons

• definition